{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T05:47:13Z","timestamp":1761198433104,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forests sequester a substantial portion of anthropogenic carbon emissions. Many open questions concern how. We address two of these questions. Has leaf and fine litter production changed? And what is the contribution of old\u2010growth forests? We address these questions with long\u2010term records (\u226510\u2009years) of total, reproductive, and especially foliar fine litter production from 32 old\u2010growth forests. We expect increases in forest productivity associated with rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and, in cold climates, with rising temperatures. We evaluate the statistical power of our analysis using simulations of known temporal trends parameterized with sample sizes (in number of years) and levels of interannual variation observed for each record. Statistical power is inadequate to detect biologically plausible trends for records lasting less than 20\u2009years. Modest interannual variation characterizes fine litter production, and more variable phenomena will require even longer records to evaluate global change responses with sufficient statistical power. Just four old\u2010growth forests have records of fine litter production lasting longer than 20\u2009years, and these four provide no evidence for increases. Three of the four forests are in central Panama, also have long\u2010term records of wood production, and both components of aboveground production are unchanged over 21\u201338\u2009years. The possibility that recent increases in forest productivity are limited for old\u2010growth forests deserves more attention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.4526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T03:20:57Z","timestamp":1736997657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Statistical power and the detection of global change responses: The case of leaf production in old\u2010growth forests"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4260-5676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Joseph","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute  Balboa Republic of Panama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osvaldo","family":"Calder\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute  Balboa Republic of Panama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2980\/21-(3-4)-3699"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"673","volume-title":"Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Canadell J. 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