{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:00:29Z","timestamp":1790686829233,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["834775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["834775"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Human\u2010modified tropical landscapes are mosaics of farmland, young regrowing forests, and old\u2010growth forests. These fragmented landscapes are hotter and drier than forested landscapes and, combined with climate change, may lead to shifts in forest community composition. We asked how macroclimate and surrounding landscape shape community\u2010level drought strategies of young regrowing secondary forests. We assessed community composition of 37 young secondary dry and wet forests in Ghana during the first 3\u2009years of succession, collected drought\u2010related leaf and stem traits of their pioneer species, and quantified surrounding landscape cover within an 800\u2010m radius around each plot. Macroclimate had the strongest influence on community drought strategies. Dry forest communities avoided drought through leaf shedding, delayed drought through small compound leaves that reduce heat load, and tolerated drought through dense wood and slow\u2010wilting leaves that both help maintain function during drought stress. Wet forest communities showed the opposite suite of traits, reflecting prioritization of fast growth under high water availability. Landscape context reinforced different forest recovery trajectories by further shaping community traits. Agricultural cover reduced community wood density in the dry forest, whereas it increased wood density in the wet forest and tended to increase drought traits such as small, compound, and deciduous leaves. Surrounding secondary forest cover promoted fast\u2010growing species with acquisitive leaves and low leaf mass per area in the dry forest, likely due to increased propagule pressure of pioneer species. Greater surrounding old\u2010growth cover increased leaf dry matter content in the wet forest, supporting the recruitment of conservative, shade\u2010tolerant late\u2010successional species. Macroclimate, landscape context, and their interaction thus jointly shape community functional composition and drought strategies of regrowing forests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.70470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:42:31Z","timestamp":1788518551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Climate and landscape context drive the functional composition of young tropical forests"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1549-3376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jazz J. M.","family":"Kok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University &amp; Research  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1391-4875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourens","family":"Poorter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University &amp; Research  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Nieuwschepen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University &amp; Research  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"van Steenbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University &amp; Research  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7484-2329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomonari","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University &amp; Research  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1077-2210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University &amp; Research  Wageningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University &amp; Research  Wageningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of Geo\u2010Information Science and Remote Sensing Wageningen University &amp; Research  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6845-2308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masha T.","family":"van der Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University &amp; Research  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Amissah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR\u2010Forestry Research Institute of Ghana  Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"CSIR\u2010College of Science and Technology  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adl5414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvs.13313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12231"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2022.2203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2014.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2012.01751.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barto\u0144 K.2025.\u201cMuMIn: Multi\u2010Model Inference.\u201d(p. 1.48.11) [Dataset]https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.MuMIn","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.MuMIn"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information\u2010Theoretic Approach","author":"Burnham K. P.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1313612"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7429.2009.00503.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2025.107545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112829"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2021.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12030557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05747"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","volume-title":"The State of the World's Forests 2022","author":"FAO","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"Fox J. S.Weisberg B.Price D.Adler D.Bates G.Baud\u2010Bovy B.Bolker et al.2024.\u201cCar: Companion to Applied Regression (Version 3.1\u20103) [Computer Software].\u201dhttps:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/car\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.19.060168.001235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118223246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(00)00535-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/26.6.689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2258816"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-8650-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erq128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"232","article-title":"A New Hypothesis on Humid and Dry Tropical Forests Succession","volume":"215","author":"Herrera\u2010Peraza R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Botanica Cubana"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.14754"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvs.12457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7138-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2011.02451.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009067881"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","volume-title":"Replication Data for: Climate and Landscape Context Drive the Functional Composition of Young Tropical Forests","author":"Kok J. J. M.","year":"2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/03-5321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","unstructured":"Lenth R. V. B.Banfai B.Bolker P.Buerkner I.Gin\u00e9\u2010V\u00e1zquez M.Herve M.Jung et al.2025.\u201cemmeans: Estimated Marginal Means Aka Least\u2010Squares Means (Version 1.11.0) [Computer Software].\u201dhttps:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/emmeans\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123741"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2010.02231.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2011.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pld.2016.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.14477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz9463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2745.2001.00583.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2001)082[0453:GSCCOL]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/BT12225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-024-02592-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/09-0862.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003405118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.4794"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2390092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","unstructured":"Sack L. J.Pasquet\u2010Kok andM.Bartlett.2010.\u201cLeaf Pressure\u2010Volume Curve Parameters Protocol.\u201d PROMETHEUS.https:\/\/prometheusprotocols.net\/function\/water\u2010relations\/pressure\u2010volume\u2010curves\/leaf\u2010pressure\u2010volume\u2010curve\u2010parameters\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2022.120395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f6062047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.2677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/368398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1106950108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/13-2377.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12223776"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0030-1299.2007.15559.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004327224729"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","volume-title":"State of the Global Climate 2023","author":"WMO","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal4760"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnsc.2009.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158108"}],"container-title":["Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ecy.70470","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ecy.70470","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ecy.70470","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:28:21Z","timestamp":1790684901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ecy.70470"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ecy.70470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecy.70470","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-9658","1939-9170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-9658","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-9170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70470"}}