{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:59:07Z","timestamp":1790686747053,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Various studies have shown that local loss of plant species within patches (i.e., \u03b1\u2010diversity loss) hampers plant biomass production, raising concerns about the consequences of biodiversity loss. However, biodiversity loss occurs at multiple spatial scales, and species losses at large spatial scales (\u03b3\u2010diversity loss) can be either caused by \u03b1\u2010diversity loss, or by the homogenization of species compositions across patches (\u03b2\u2010diversity loss). Yet, we poorly understand the consequences of \u03b2\u2010diversity loss for ecosystem functioning. Here, we present the findings of the first study to experimentally manipulate variation across not only \u03b1\u2010diversity but also \u03b2\u2010diversity. In a grassland experiment, we manipulated plant \u03b2\u2010diversity by setting up 56 plots, each divided into four subplots with two different soil types. Across the subplots within a plot, we sowed either the same plant species combinations (low \u03b2\u2010diversity treatment), partially overlapping species combinations (intermediate \u03b2\u2010diversity), or nonoverlapping species combinations (high \u03b2\u2010diversity treatment). We hypothesized that high \u03b2\u2010diversity could increase biomass production by: (1) enabling species sorting and (2) maintaining high \u03b1\u2010diversity over time. Four years after setting up our experiment, we found that \u03b2\u2010diversity increased biomass production and that these positive effects could not be solely explained by having overall high \u03b3\u2010diversity. This was because high sown levels of \u03b2\u2010diversity increased realized \u03b1\u2010diversity, which in turn increased biomass production. In contrast, species sorting did not result in increased biomass production. Our results have the potential to inform restoration projects, where sowing different species at different sites could have delayed benefits for both biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, although further studies are needed to explore the benefits of \u03b2\u2010diversity for ecosystem management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.70505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:41:36Z","timestamp":1789724496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of biotic homogenization on community assembly and biomass production in an \u03b1\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u03b2\u2010diversity grassland experiment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Fons","family":"van der Plas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University  Wageningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justus","family":"Hennecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle\u2010Jena\u2010Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"von Sivers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Weigelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle\u2010Jena\u2010Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle\u2010Jena\u2010Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6893-6479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2010.01552.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47020-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00963.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2018.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj9395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12487"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/504850"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1000364"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-023-01786-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.05968"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/03-0799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-018-4248-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.2492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01210.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"Hennekens S. 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