{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:58:52Z","timestamp":1790686732460,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OCE\u201016\u201037396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCE\u201016\u201037396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OCE\u20101635913"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCE\u20101635913"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OCE\u20101933165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCE\u20101933165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OCE\u20102023424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCE\u20102023424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OCE\u20102023701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCE\u20102023701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OCE\u2010PRF\u2010220589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCE\u2010PRF\u2010220589"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In many ecosystems, anthropogenic influences are altering the strength of top\u2010down (e.g., herbivory and predation by consumers) and bottom\u2010up (e.g., nutrients) processes through the exploitation of consumers and increasing anthropogenic nutrient inputs. Altered top\u2010down and bottom\u2010up processes may significantly change ecological communities, resulting in shifts in the abundance or composition of primary producers, or shifts in ecosystem states. An often\u2010overlooked consequence of altered top\u2010down and bottom\u2010up process is how these forces shape community variability, especially following disturbances when alterations to top\u2010down and bottom\u2010up processes may have particularly strong effects during community reassembly. Here, we experimentally test the relative importance of top\u2010down and bottom\u2010up processes in determining community development after a simulated disturbance on a coral reef in Moorea, French Polynesia. We established eight 30\u2010m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    plots in which corals and macroalgae were removed to mimic the effects of a severe cyclone. Within each plot, we nested four consumer exclosures (~1.25\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    each) with different size openings that allowed different size fishes access to the benthos, creating four levels of consumer pressure (Very Low, Low, Medium, High). Each plot was then assigned to either Ambient or Enriched nutrient conditions. Consumer pressure strongly affected community development, whereas nutrients had a weaker, but significant, effect. After 4\u2009years, consumer pressure was inversely related to beta diversity, where plots with High consumer pressure had highly similar communities, and plots with reduced consumer pressure had dissimilar communities. This dissimilarity in community structure under reduced consumer pressure was the result of plots becoming rapidly colonized by either coral or macroalgae. By contrast, community development in plots with High consumer pressure was slow but predictable, with all plots slowly increasing in coral cover and remaining relatively free of macroalgae. Our results suggest that reduced top\u2010down pressure by consumers can result in alternate community paths that lead to either coral\u2010 or algal\u2010dominance under similar environmental conditions. We conclude that consumer pressure influences both the rate and predictability of community development in these ecosystems and that human stressors that alter consumer pressure may result in ecological surprises on coral reefs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.70507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:55:56Z","timestamp":1789520156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reducing consumer pressure increases community dissimilarity leading to coral\u2010 or algal\u2010dominance on a coral reef"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0016-3606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly E.","family":"Speare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Science Institute University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California USA"},{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University  Lubbock Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6146-0260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Science Institute University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8077-247X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"Aplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Science Institute University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2407-0206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noe","family":"Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2442-2805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren N.","family":"Enright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7214-8272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah E.","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences University of Essex  Colchester UK"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology Oregon State University  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4372-5206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan P.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2124-3659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California USA"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Florida State University  Tallahassee Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4272-9991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia","family":"Isbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bren School of Environmental Science &amp; Management University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6249-040X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Science Institute University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7456-3028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mackenzie A.","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3172-133X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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E.Burkepile.2026.\u201cMCR LTER: Coral Reef: Reducing Consumer Pressure Increases Community Dissimilarity Leading to Coral\u2010 or Algal\u2010Dominance on a Coral Reef; Data for Speare et al. 2026 Ecology ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.6073\/pasta\/fa1511a909fae9b55a5d8a5ccbfa1f60."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2018.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.14038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","unstructured":"Oksanen J. G. L.Simpson F. G.Blanchet R.Kindt P.Legendre P. R.Minchin R. 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