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This knowledge is mostly built on studies of organisms that disperse actively by themselves or passively via physical forces. For organisms that disperse passively via other organisms, the landscape characteristics that affect their vectors should indirectly influence the diversity of the vectored, but these relationships remain poorly understood. We investigated landscape\u2013dispersal\u2013diversity relationships in nectar\u2010inhabiting bacteria that disperse via flower\u2010visiting insects. Field observations and experiments revealed that bacterial diversity peaked at an intermediate frequency of insect visits, which was in turn determined by the surrounding landscape characteristics observed at the 200\u2010m radius scale. Based on this finding, we discuss the possibility that the taxonomic diversity of vectored organisms tends to be maximized at an intermediate dispersal rate, especially in the widely observed situation where the vectored organisms and\/or their habitat patches constitute consumable resources for their vectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.70535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:40:56Z","timestamp":1791286856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diversity of vector\u2010dispersed microbes peaks at a landscape\u2010defined intermediate rate of dispersal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4074-1228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuta","family":"Nagano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science Kobe University  Kobe Hyogo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kae","family":"Natsume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Japan Wildlife Research Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5654-4785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadashi","family":"Fukami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biology and of Earth System Science Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5020-5184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaoru","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science Kobe University  Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2019.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Barto\u0144 K.2025.\u201cMuMIn: Multi\u2010Model Inference.\u201dR package version 1.48.11."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2019.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.4039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information\u2010Theoretic Approach","author":"Burnham K. 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