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Early\u2010life conditions can challenge developing individuals through distinct environmental mechanisms. Each mechanism can induce long\u2010term consequences, potentially leading to cohort effects in which individuals born in different years exhibit persistent differences in life\u2010history traits. In ungulates, early life spans three sensitive periods\u2014gestation, preweaning, and postweaning\u2014during which distinct environmental mechanisms may exert long\u2010term effects. Most studies, however, have examined only a single period or mechanism, leaving the combined effects of multiple mechanisms across development largely untested, despite evidence that these effects are often multifactorial. Benefiting from over 20\u2009years of life\u2010history data on migratory caribou (\n                    <jats:italic>Rangifer tarandus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) from the Rivi\u00e8re\u2010aux\u2010Feuilles and Rivi\u00e8re\u2010George herds in northern Qu\u00e9bec and Labrador (Canada), we investigated how three environmental mechanisms\u2014environmental energetic constraints, resource availability, and competition\u2014during gestation, preweaning, and postweaning influenced life\u2010history traits. We hypothesized that harsh conditions during gestation and preweaning would most strongly reduce early\u2010life body condition, survival to adult age, and longevity. We first performed a confirmatory path analysis to evaluate effects on early\u2010life body condition and survival to adult age, followed by a time\u2010to\u2010event analysis to assess differences in longevity. Our results indicate that high environmental energetic constraints during gestation and limiting resource availability in late gestation and early preweaning reduced early\u2010life body condition and survival to adult age. Among individuals surviving to adulthood, early\u2010life competition also strongly reduced longevity. Overall, effects on life\u2010history traits were associated with environmental conditions during gestation or early preweaning and stemming from multiple environmental mechanisms. These findings underscore the importance of gestational and early postnatal environments in shaping life\u2010history traits. These results also demonstrate how a multifactor, multi\u2010period approach provides a more complete understanding of how early\u2010life conditions determine individual fitness, with strong implications for population dynamics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.70544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:27:02Z","timestamp":1791332822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Doomed from the start: Consequences of a harsh early life on life\u2010history traits of a wild Arctic ungulate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9317-3447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattis","family":"Pelletier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Caribou Ungava, D\u00e9partement de biologie Universit\u00e9 Laval  Qu\u00e9bec Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre d'\u00c9tudes Nordiques Universit\u00e9 Laval  Qu\u00e9bec Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00eblle","family":"Taillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de l'Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs  Qu\u00e9bec Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Brodeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de l'Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs  Chibougamau Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien H.","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caribou Ungava, D\u00e9partement de biologie Universit\u00e9 Laval  Qu\u00e9bec Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre d'\u00c9tudes Nordiques Universit\u00e9 Laval  Qu\u00e9bec Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Asselin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caribou Ungava, D\u00e9partement de biologie Universit\u00e9 Laval  Qu\u00e9bec Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre d'\u00c9tudes Nordiques Universit\u00e9 Laval  Qu\u00e9bec Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steeve D.","family":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caribou Ungava, D\u00e9partement de biologie Universit\u00e9 Laval  Qu\u00e9bec Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre d'\u00c9tudes Nordiques Universit\u00e9 Laval  Qu\u00e9bec Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1126-8814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Hamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caribou Ungava, D\u00e9partement de biologie Universit\u00e9 Laval  Qu\u00e9bec Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3801982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4800"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(02)02469-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0168"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1707152114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/36.2.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"The Use of Satellite Telemetry to Estimate the Abundance of a Migratory Caribou Population, Qu\u00e9bec","author":"Brodeur V.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Model Selection and Multimodel Inference","author":"Burnham K. 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