{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T22:49:50Z","timestamp":1768344590307,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract\n<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aims of this study were to examine presence of GAD65 autoantibodies (GAD65aab) in offspring born to women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and controls and if more were GAD65aab\u2010positive if diagnosed with diabetes or pre\u2010diabetes. This EPICOM study is a prospective follow\u2010up study focussing on pregnancies complicated by maternal T1D. The EPICOM study includes offspring (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0278) born to mothers with pre\u2010gestational T1D between 1993 and 1999 and matched un\u2010exposed controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0303). Age at the time of follow\u2010up was 16.7\u00a0years (13.0\u201320.4\u00a0years). GAD65aab was measured using the Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibody RIA kit from RSR<jats:sup>\u00a9<\/jats:sup>. An Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was performed, and abnormal glucose tolerance was defined as having either diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). GAD65aab could be measured in 561 participants. Of these, 17 (3%) were positive for GAD65aab (\u226525 U\/ml) with 11 (4%) offspring being born to women with T1D and 6 (2%) controls. The difference in GAD65aab status was not statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.2). One was diagnosed with GAD65aab\u2010negative diabetes during the study, 18 were diagnosed with IFG, and 44 with IGT. Overall, more were GAD65aab\u2010positive if diagnosed with abnormal glucose tolerance (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.03). We found no association between GAD65aab status and HOMA\u2010IR, HOMA\u2010IS, birthweight, mode of delivery or maternal BMI prior to pregnancy. Our study found no overall difference in GAD65\u00a0status between offspring born to women with T1D and their matched controls. However, among the participants diagnosed with pre\u2010diabetes more were GAD65\u2010positive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T06:55:38Z","timestamp":1637391338000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["GAD65 autoantibodies and glucose tolerance in offspring born to women with and without type 1 diabetes (The EPICOM study)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6552-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sine","family":"Knorr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magnus C.","family":"Lydolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers Statens Serum Institut  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgitte","family":"Bytoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuzana","family":"Lohse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Odense Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tine D.","family":"Clausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Nordsjaellands Hospital  Hilleroed Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rikke Beck","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Damm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers Statens Serum Institut  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicines Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"H\u00f8jlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Odense Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorte M.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Odense Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark  <!--Query ID=\"q3\" Text=\"AUTHOR: Please check that authors and their affiliations are correct.\"-->"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claus H.","family":"Gravholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3589-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22264"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1022-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2426"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"WHO\/IDF.Definition and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Intermediate Hyperglycemia. 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