{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:50:37Z","timestamp":1753869037708,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018368","name":"UnitedHealth Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018368","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is limited research using real\u2010world data to evaluate protective cardiovascular effects of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101) agonists among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) early in treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective, active comparator cohort study using 2011\u20132015 administrative claims data to compare cardiovascular disease (CVD) event rates following initiation of exenatide extended\u2010release (E\u2010ER), exenatide immediate\u2010release (E\u2010IR) or liraglutide in T2D adults who previously received no other antidiabetic medication (ADM) except metformin. The primary outcome was time to first major adverse CVD event (ischaemic heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure or peripheral arterial disease) after starting GLP\u20101. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the association between index GLP\u20101 and CVD events, adjusting for baseline patient, prescriber and plan characteristics. Primary analyses included all patients with \u22652 prescription fills for the index GLP\u20101, regardless of subsequent refill adherence or initiation of other ADM after index date.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with liraglutide, neither E\u2010ER nor E\u2010IR was associated with risk of composite major CVD events (hazard ratios [HRs] for E\u2010ER and E\u2010IR: 1.33 [95% C.I. 0.73\u20132.39] and 1.30 [0.81\u20132.09]). No associations were observed between event rates for individual CVD components. The HR for an ischaemic event with E\u2010IR relative to liraglutide was 1.85 (95% C.I. 0.97\u20133.53). Adjusting for time\u2010varying exposure to other ADM and CVD medications after index date produced similar results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Initiating either immediate or extended\u2010release exenatide rather than liraglutide was not associated with significant differences in CVD risk in this observational real\u2010world study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T14:04:41Z","timestamp":1677247481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative cardiovascular effects of <scp>GLP<\/scp>\u20101 agonists using real\u2010world data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3183-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amisha","family":"Wallia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"},{"name":"Institute for Public Health and Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"},{"name":"Institute for Public Health and Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Hakimian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"},{"name":"Institute for Public Health and Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"},{"name":"Institute for Public Health and Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Lancki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"},{"name":"Institute for Public Health and Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Stephen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"},{"name":"Institute for Public Health and Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Aikman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"},{"name":"Institute for Public Health and Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Liss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"},{"name":"Institute for Public Health and Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UnitedHealth Group  Minnetonka MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald T.","family":"Ackermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"},{"name":"Institute for Public Health and Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509225"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1612917"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00203-5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","DOI":"10.4158\/CS-2018-0535"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-S009"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.6125"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12591"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.301958"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028136"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30258-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029190"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.009"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12969"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology, Diabetes &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/edm2.339","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/edm2.339","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/edm2.339","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T14:20:44Z","timestamp":1692627644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/edm2.339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/edm2.339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/edm2.339","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-9238","2398-9238"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2398-9238"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2398-9238"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-11-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e339"}}