{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:59:21Z","timestamp":1791021561719,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies suggest that cognitive impairment is more prevalent in individuals with painful and painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). However, the current evidence is not well described. This study investigated cognitive function in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the association to painful\/painless DPN and clinical parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional, observational, case\u2013control study included 58 participants with T1DM, sub\u2010grouped into 20 participants with T1DM and painful DPN, 19 participants with T1DM and painless DPN, 19 participants with T1DM without DPN, and 20 healthy controls were included. The groups were matched for sex and age. The participants performed Addenbrooke's examination III (ACE\u2010III), which assesses attention, memory, verbal fluency, language and visuospatial skills. Working memory was evaluated using an N\u2010back task. Cognitive scores were compared between the groups and correlated to age, diabetes duration, HbA1c and nerve conduction measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to healthy controls, T1DM participants showed lower total ACE\u2010III (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.028), memory (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.013) and language scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.028), together with longer reaction times in the N\u2010back task (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.041). Subgroup analyses demonstrated lower memory scores in those with painless DPN compared with healthy controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.013). No differences were observed between the three T1DM subgroups. Cognitive scores and clinical parameters were not associated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study supports the notion of cognitive alterations in T1DM and indicates that cognitive function is altered in T1DM regardless of underlying neuropathic complications. The memory domain appears altered in T1DM, particularly in those with painless DPN. Further studies are needed to verify the findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T05:57:21Z","timestamp":1681883841000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Cognitive function in individuals with and without painful and painless diabetic polyneuropathy\u2014A cross\u2010sectional study in type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0299-8962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suganthiya S.","family":"Croosu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Aalborg University Hospital  Hobrovej 18\u201022 9000 Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Aalborg University Hospital  M\u00f8lleparkvej 4 9000 Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark Aalborg University Hospital  M\u00f8lleparkvej 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Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6160-5519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tine M.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Aalborg University Hospital  Hobrovej 18\u201022 9000 Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University  S\u00f8ndre Skovvej 15 9000 Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6693-2028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten D.","family":"M\u00f8rch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University  Fredrik Bajers Vej 7D 9220 Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8722-0070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens 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