{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:44:52Z","timestamp":1790876692005,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp;amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is particularly prevalent among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), a known risk factor for the disease. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis aimed to evaluate the incidence of glaucoma in T2DM patients treated with Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists (GLP\u20101RAs) compared to those using other antihyperglycaemic agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A comprehensive search of literature was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Scopus up to September 14, 2024. Observational studies that reported the incidence of glaucoma among T2DM patients using GLP\u20101RAs versus other antihyperglycaemic drugs were included. Data analysis employed the random\u2010effects model, presenting odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistics, and a sensitivity analysis was performed to test the result's robustness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five observational studies involving 2,500,430 participants met the inclusion criteria. The meta\u2010analysis indicated that GLP\u20101RA use was associated with a nonsignificant reduction in the incidence of glaucoma (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.60 to 1.02; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01: <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200988%). Sensitivity analysis by leave\u2010one\u2010out method showed a significant reduction of glaucoma in GLP\u20101 RA users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, GLP\u20101RA usage in T2DM patients may be beneficial in lowering the risk of glaucoma under some circumstances. These results advocate for further clinical studies to confirm GLP\u20101RAs' protective ocular effects, potentially influencing future treatment guidelines and preventive care strategies for glaucoma patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T04:30:00Z","timestamp":1749789000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Incidence of Glaucoma in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated With <scp>GLP<\/scp>\u20101 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8086-000X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maheen","family":"Asif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Services Institute of Medical Sciences  Lahore 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