{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:46:35Z","timestamp":1790196395729,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp;amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Once\u2010weekly basal insulin Fc (BIF) offers a promising alternative to daily basal insulin by reducing injection burden while maintaining glycaemic control. However, comprehensive comparisons with insulin degludec regarding continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and hypoglycaemia outcomes remain limited. This meta\u2010analysis evaluates these critical parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing once\u2010weekly BIF with once\u2010daily insulin degludec in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Outcomes included CGM\u2010derived glycaemic variability, time in range, time above\/below range and hypoglycaemia event rates. Data were pooled using random\u2010effects models, with heterogeneity assessed via <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five RCTs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092427) were included. BIF demonstrated comparable glycaemic variability (within\u2010day CV: MD\u2009=\u20090.06, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.90; between\u2010day CV: MD\u2009=\u2009\u20100.26, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.30) and Time in range (MD\u2009=\u20090.56, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.27) versus degludec. However, BIF increased time spent in the mild hypoglycaemia range (54\u201369\u2009mg\/dL) (MD\u2009=\u20090.30, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0004) and clinically significant hypoglycaemia event rates (rate ratio\u2009=\u20091.20, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.00001). Severe hypoglycaemia event rates were higher with BIF (rate ratio\u2009=\u20093.34, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Nocturnal hypoglycaemia and time above range (&gt;\u2009250\u2009mg\/dL) did not differ significantly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Once\u2010weekly BIF provides similar overall glycaemic control to insulin degludec but with increased time in mild hypoglycaemia and higher event rates of clinically significant and severe hypoglycaemia. These findings highlight the need for individualised dosing and monitoring when transitioning to weekly insulin regimens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T03:40:09Z","timestamp":1749786009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Hypoglycaemia Metrics With Once\u2010Weekly Basal Insulin Fc Versus Insulin Degludec: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Saaed","family":"Abunada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences  Jamshoro, Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheela","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences  Jamshoro, Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences  Jamshoro, Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. N. U.","family":"Nancy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Medical and Dental College  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areeba","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carroll High School  Southlake Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikeeta","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khairpur Medical College  Khairpur Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. N. U.","family":"Shevani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al\u2010Tibri Medical College  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anusha","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shah","family":"Dev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College  Sukkur Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noshad","family":"Zain ul Abiddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kabir Medical College  Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. N. U.","family":"Umer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinnah Sindh Medical University  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Manan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinnah Sindh Medical University  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadia Habib","family":"Bhutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2376-3866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salih Abdella","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawassa University  Hawassa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/psb.1500"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14418"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300\u2010018\u20100384\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300\u2010018\u20100395\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13132"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2011.621416"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2019.03.180162"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2016.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2018.0384"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300\u2010021\u201001189\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010024\u201006158\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14956"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01804-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22\u20102396"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00388-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403953"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22\u20102395"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200\u2010025\u201001602\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.105906"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","article-title":"RoB 2: A Revised Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias in Randomised Trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne J. 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