{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:02:10Z","timestamp":1792202530045,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp;amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The glycated albumin\u2010to\u2010glycated haemoglobin (GA\/HbA1c) ratio is a potential marker of glycaemic variability; however, its association with adverse clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether the GA\/HbA1c ratio is a better predictor of mortality and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression than GA alone in type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cohort analysis included 571 Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes who were stratified into tertiles based on their GA\/HbA1c ratio. Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations between the GA\/HbA1c ratio and mortality or CKD progression (\u2265 30% decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]), adjusting for age, sex, urinary albumin\u2010to\u2010creatinine ratio, eGFR, body mass index, haemoglobin and serum albumin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cohort, the median age was 67\u2009years, and 53.9% were male. During the median follow\u2010up of 5.4 and 5.3\u2009years for mortality and CKD progression, respectively, 40 (7.0%) participants died and 70 (12.3%) experienced CKD progression. For mortality, the GA\/HbA1c ratio demonstrated a U\u2010shaped association: although both the lowest (T1) and highest (T3) tertiles showed higher mortality risks than the middle tertile (T2), this association was significant for only T3 (hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.05\u20132.04). Neither GA nor HbA1c alone was significantly associated with mortality. For CKD progression, GA alone showed a U\u2010shaped association, with both T1 and T3 exhibiting non\u2010significantly higher risks than T2. Neither the GA\/HbA1c ratio nor HbA1c alone was associated with CKD progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In individuals with type 2 diabetes, a higher GA\/HbA1c ratio was associated with an increased risk of mortality but not with CKD progression. However, given the retrospective design and limited sample size, these findings should be interpreted with caution and confirmed in larger, prospective studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T04:29:42Z","timestamp":1751344182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of the Glycated Albumin\u2010to\u2010Glycated Haemoglobin Ratio With Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0513-4433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomohito","family":"Gohda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine  Tokyo 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