{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:56:34Z","timestamp":1793148994458,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp;amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta\u2010analysis evaluates the rates of pancreatitis\/pancreatic cancer among glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101 RAs) in randomised controlled trials (RCTs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses (PRISMA), a systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for GLP\u20101 RA RCTs that evaluated pancreatitis\/pancreatic cancer. A meta\u2010analysis was conducted to evaluate this risk; subgroup analysis was performed with and without background medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3\u2009years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow\u2010up of 43.5\u2009weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study. Meta\u2010analysis showed a significantly increased risk of pancreatitis (RR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.09\u20131.89,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009), but not when stratified by background medications (RR: 1.28, 95% CI 0.87\u20131.87) and without background medications (RR: 1.37, 95% CI 0.91\u20132.05). Pancreatic cancer and GLP\u20101 RA use showed no significant association (RR: 1.30, 95% CI 0.86\u20131.97). However, a significant increase was found with background medications (RR: 1.85, 95% CI 1.05\u20133.26,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03), but not without (RR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.43\u20131.55).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP\u20101 RAs carry a slightly increased risk of pancreatitis, which is not significant when stratified by background medication use. Overall risk for pancreatic cancer was not observed, but a slight association was found when stratified with background medications. However, this difference is likely minimal, given the numerous studies excluded from the meta\u2010analysis where both treatment arms had zero events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T03:59:58Z","timestamp":1758686398000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Evaluating the Rates of Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer Among\n                    <scp>GLP<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5412-8551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jimmy","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, California Northstate University  Elk Grove California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Nadora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, California Northstate University  Elk Grove California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7510-2246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ethan","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, California Northstate University  Elk Grove California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"How\u2010Volkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, California Northstate University  Elk Grove California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, California Northstate University  Elk Grove California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethany","family":"Joy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, California Northstate University  Elk Grove California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, California Northstate University  Elk Grove California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohaer","family":"Muttalib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, California Northstate University  Elk Grove California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arsh","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eldo","family":"Frezza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, California Northstate University  Elk Grove California 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Endocrine Society \u201d(2024) https:\/\/www.endocrine.org\/news\u2010and\u2010advocacy\/news\u2010room\/2024\/endo\u20102024\u2010press\u2010nassar."}],"container-title":["Endocrinology, Diabetes &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/edm2.70113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T06:06:12Z","timestamp":1764828372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/edm2.70113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/edm2.70113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/edm2.70113","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-9238","2398-9238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-9238","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-9238","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70113"}}