{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T05:04:34Z","timestamp":1767848674689,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007172","name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007172","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp;amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if earlier age of diabetes onset (&lt;\u200915\u2009years of age) is associated with a worse metabolic phenotype compared to diabetes diagnosed at a later age (\u2265\u200915\u2009years of age).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Retrospective cross\u2010sectional study of our clinical cohort was performed at a tertiary clinic between 2018 and 2023. Diabetes presentation (diabetic ketoacidosis, C\u2010peptide levels, ketonuria), metabolic phenotype (body mass index (BMI)\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010score, hypertension, dyslipidemia, elevated liver enzymes, and haemoglobin A1c) were compared between youth diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who were &lt;\u200915\u2009years of age and those \u2265\u200915\u2009years of age. A\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value of &lt;\u20090.05 was considered significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We studied\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009336 youth. Mean age was 14.5\u2009years at type 2 diabetes diagnosis,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009198 were &lt;\u200915\u2009years and\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009138 were \u2265\u200915\u2009years old. Youth diagnosed at &lt;\u200915\u2009years versus \u2265\u200915\u2009years old had a lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (121.0\u2009\u00b1\u200912.0 vs. 125.0\u2009\u00b1\u200912.3\u2009mmHg,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004 and 72.0\u2009\u00b1\u20099.8 vs. 74.9\u2009\u00b1\u200911.1\u2009mmHg,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013 respectively), and higher HDL cholesterol (38.3\u2009\u00b1\u200911.7 vs. 35.7\u2009\u00b1\u20098.7\u2009mg\/dL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.049). There were no differences in the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis, urine ketones at presentation, C\u2010peptide concentrations, haemoglobin A1c, liver enzymes, total or LDL cholesterol, or BMI\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010scores by age group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A worse metabolic profile was not observed in youth diagnosed at a younger age. In fact, youth who were at an older age at diabetes diagnosis tended to have higher blood pressure and lower HDL\u2010C. Establishing the risk factors for why some youth develop type 2 diabetes at earlier ages is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T12:59:34Z","timestamp":1759496374000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early Versus Late Diagnosis of Youth\u2010Onset Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7578-2525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nisha","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Crimmins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debi","family":"Swertfeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Schaaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7297-139X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy S.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio 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