{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T10:03:54Z","timestamp":1779789834430,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp;amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetic foot disorders continue to be among the most prevalent and overlooked complications associated with diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with diabetic foot complications in semi\u2010urban Udupi District.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was a cross\u2010sectional study. 25,000 individuals living in Udupi district were screened for\n                      <jats:italic>diabetes mellitus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and among them, 3844 individuals were found to have\n                      <jats:italic>type\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                      2\n                      <jats:italic>diabetes mellitus (T2DM)<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Further, detailed anthropometry and foot assessments were performed for these individuals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, a total of 3844 participants aged between 40 and 75\u2009years with T2DM were screened to determine the prevalence of foot complications. The mean age of the study participants was 59.2\u2009years (\u00b111.7). Of the participants, 41.3% were male and 58.7% were female. Neuropathy was present in 9.8% of the participants, and 5.6% of the participants had a foot ulcer. Among 3844 individuals, sensation, pedal pulse, vibration, and foot care awareness were factors associated with diabetic foot complications. The Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) model was also developed, and showed good predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.901 for the right foot and 0.922 for the left foot. The BNN results also show strong predictive performance. Both models predicted diabetic foot complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of foot complications is high in the Udupi district, and the presence of risk factors puts the individual at risk for serious complications of T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T03:49:48Z","timestamp":1775015388000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors Associated With Foot Complications Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Semi\u2010Urban Udupi District"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3811-1350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. Arun","family":"Maiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubha","family":"Hebbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lutheran Homes Group  Gynde South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhath","family":"Kalkura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICEF Hyderabad Field Office for Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Telangana  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Vennila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of statistics Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Agnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shetty Shrija","family":"Jaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjunath","family":"Hande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashikiran","family":"Umakanth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Dr. TMA Pai Hospital  Udupi India"},{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. N.","family":"Shivashankara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. Ananthakrishna","family":"Shastri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9375-3102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashu","family":"Rastogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism PGIMER  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Reeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster\u2009Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine Lancaster University  Lancaster UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Anushree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1627_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05\u20100019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250100627"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.05.009"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"1325","article-title":"Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Classification","volume":"57","author":"Armstrong D. 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