{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T10:04:11Z","timestamp":1779789851526,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp;amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder characterised by progressive destruction of pancreatic \u03b2\u2010cells, in which inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) and oncostatin M (OSM) play key roles. This study aimed to evaluate serum IL\u20106 and OSM levels and their relationship with glycemic indices in children with T1DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this cross\u2010sectional study, 80 children (40 with T1DM and 40 controls) aged 3\u201318\u2009years were included. Exclusion criteria were congenital or inflammatory disorders and use of anti\u2010inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, antibiotics, lipid\u2010lowering agents, hypoglycemic drugs, herbal supplements, multivitamins, or special diets. Serum IL\u20106, OSM, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and HbA1c were measured. Demographic and clinical data\u2014including age, sex, growth percentiles, BMI percentile, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, and history of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)\u2014were recorded. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of glycemic indices, and ROC curve analysis assessed the diagnostic performance of OSM. Statistical significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 80 subjects, the mean age was 10.62 (3.3) years in children with T1DM and 11.25 (3.6) years in controls, with a comparable gender distribution (male: 52.5% vs. 60%). Serum OSM levels were significantly higher in children with T1DM (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and strongly predicted elevated HbA1c (adjusted OR\u2009=\u20093.06; 95% CI: 1.84\u20135.08) and FBS (adjusted OR\u2009=\u20091.70; 95% CI: 1.31\u20132.20). ROC analysis demonstrated a robust ability to discriminate T1DM from controls (AUC\u2009=\u20090.94; 95% CI: 0.89\u20130.99), with a cut\u2010off of OSM\u2009&gt;\u200910.0675, yielding a sensitivity and specificity of 87.5%. IL\u20106 levels did not differ significantly between groups but were higher in children with a history of DKA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OSM may represent a sensitive and specific biomarker for distinguishing children with T1DM from healthy individuals, whereas IL\u20106 appears more closely related to DKA\u2010associated inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T03:46:09Z","timestamp":1775015169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interleukin\u20106 and Oncostatin M Levels in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Its Relationship With Glycemic Indices"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mona","family":"Nourbakhsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Rouhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0061-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Razzaghy\u2010Azar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6716-0354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitra","family":"Nourbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5970-2777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahid","family":"Saeedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdokht","family":"Mehramiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0838-3005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davoud","family":"Amirkashani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5869-213X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arash","family":"Mohazzab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taraneh","family":"Rezaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","volume-title":"Sperling Pediatric Endocrinology","author":"Sperling M. 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P.Azar andA.Lotfi \u201cPrevalence and Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in the World \u201d(2024).","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1007015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children12010110"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2020.26.11.1399"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Relationships Among Oncostatin M, Insulin Resistance, and Chronic Inflammation: A Pilot Study","volume":"64","author":"Akarsu M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1642436"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073818809831"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-018-0458-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00473-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-73737-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14186511"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3555"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094689"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz090"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","first-page":"383","article-title":"Value of C\u2010Reactive Protein and IL\u20106 Measurements in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"5","author":"Fawaz L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Archives of Medical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32007\/jfacmedbagdad.543723"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-821189"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","first-page":"572","article-title":"Investigation of Inflammatory Markers (IL\u20106 and Hs\u2010CRP) in Type1 Diabetes Patients","volume":"2","author":"Fahad H. 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