{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:02:07Z","timestamp":1790139727604,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp;amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fatty liver disease is common among obese individuals and is closely linked to chronic low\u2010grade inflammation. This study examines the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and serum inflammatory markers in obese individuals with and without non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this case\u2013control study, 85 obese adults (BMI \u2265\u200930), aged 20\u201370\u2009years, were recruited from two outpatient clinics in Urmia, Iran. NAFLD diagnosis was based on sonography by an endocrinologist. Serum C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured using a high\u2010sensitivity immunoturbidimetric assay to assess systemic inflammation. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi\u2010quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was calculated to evaluate the inflammatory potential of the diet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum CRP levels were significantly higher in the NAFLD group (12.2\u2009mg\/L; 95% CI: 9.7\u201314.7) than controls (8.5\u2009mg\/L; 95% CI: 6.0\u201311.0;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). DII scores did not differ significantly between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.2). CRP was positively associated with NAFLD (OR\u2009=\u20092.89; 95% CI: 1.1\u20137.2), while DII showed no significant association (OR\u2009=\u20090.50; 95% CI: 0.2\u20131.2).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings underscore the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of fatty liver disease among obese individuals. Elevated CRP levels highlight potential targets for intervention. Although no significant differences in DII were observed, further serum investigation into the relationship between diet, inflammation and fatty liver is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:56:03Z","timestamp":1773010563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Serum Inflammatory Markers and Dietary Inflammatory Index in Obese Individuals With Fatty Liver Disease: A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Faezeh","family":"Tejareh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laleh","family":"Payahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Plants Research Center Maragheh University of Medical Sciences  Maragheh Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5763-1917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Ali","family":"Keshavarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4747"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04658-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00317-X"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"1600","article-title":"The Prevalence of Non\u2010Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Iranian Children and Adult Population: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"52","author":"Hassanipour S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17833"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0424"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105227"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13051095"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12872"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.391"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v15.i2.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02353-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.116232"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003233421202"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-025-01587-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-025-01313-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1330386"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17071214"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23311932.2024.2325206"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16234208"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-023-04046-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2016.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070831"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology, Diabetes &amp; 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