{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T10:04:05Z","timestamp":1779789845624,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp;amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health concern among older adults worldwide including in Iran. Despite extensive research on the metabolic effects of dairy products, their association with T2DM remains inconsistent, particularly in non\u2010Western populations. This study examined the relationship between dairy consumption including specific types, and T2DM among older adults in eastern Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study utilised baseline data from the Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study (BLAS), which included community\u2010dwelling adults aged 60\u2009years and older. Dietary intake was assessed using structured questionnaires, and participants were categorised into tertiles based on dairy consumption (low, moderate, high). T2DM status was determined by FBS \u2265\u2009126\u2009mg\/dL or a previous physician diagnosis. Logistic regression models estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for T2DM across different levels of dairy intake, adjusting for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from 1348 participants were analysed, with an overall T2DM prevalence of 27.15%. Individuals in the highest tertiles of yogurt and cheese intake had significantly increased odds of T2DM (OR\u2009=\u20091.454, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.08\u20132.20,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.08; OR\u2009=\u20091.44, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.04\u20132.00,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029). No significant association was found between milk consumption and T2DM risk. Total dairy consumption showed no significant association with T2DM in the fully adjusted model (OR\u2009=\u20091.42, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.00\u20132.403,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reveals a complex association between dairy intake and the risk of T2DM in Iran, in which high consumption of yogurt and cheese was paradoxically associated with increased odds of disease. This finding may be explained by the high fat content of these products, residual confounding from unmeasured dietary patterns, or biological pathways related to diabetes pathology and gut microbiota modulation that were not captured in our analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T19:04:09Z","timestamp":1775761449000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dairy Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iranian Older Adults: Insights From the Baseline Phase of the Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mahboubeh","family":"Darabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Sciences and Health Economy, Faculty of Health Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad 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Management Sciences and Health Economy, Faculty of Health Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1106-984X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Fakhrzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitra","family":"Moudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Health Research Center Birjand University of Medical Sciences  Birjand Iran"},{"name":"School of Public Health Birjand University of Medical Sciences  Birjand Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Khorashadizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Health Research Center Birjand University of Medical Sciences  Birjand Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6249-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Varmaghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Sciences and Health Economy, Faculty of Health Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad 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