{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:27:54Z","timestamp":1787905674174,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp;amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is no longer just a metabolic diagnosis; it is a daily test of confidence, endurance and quality of life. Traditional measures such as haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) provide only a partial picture, while patients' beliefs about their ability to manage diabetes may be equally crucial. This scoping review examines how self\u2010efficacy and self\u2010care behaviours intersect with glycaemic control and health\u2010related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with T2DM across diverse health systems and cultures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA\u2010ScR guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across four databases covering January 2016 to March 2026. Studies were eligible if they included adults aged \u2265\u200918\u2009years with confirmed T2DM and examined at least one of the following: diabetes self\u2010efficacy, self\u2010care behaviours, glycaemic control (HbA1c) or HRQoL. Thirteen studies encompassing 5784 adults with T2DM were included, spanning cross\u2010sectional, longitudinal, quasi\u2010experimental and randomised controlled trial designs across seven countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetes management self\u2010efficacy consistently outperformed knowledge in predicting self\u2010care behaviours and HbA1c, with patients holding stronger efficacy beliefs demonstrating better metabolic control and higher HRQoL. Interventions grounded in social cognitive theory and empowerment approaches achieved clinically meaningful HbA1c reductions alongside improvements in self\u2010care and quality of life. Advanced modelling identified a psychological cascade whereby health literacy enhanced empowerment and self\u2010efficacy, which in turn drove self\u2010care and improved glycaemic and HRQoL outcomes. Cluster analyses further revealed distinct high\u2010risk subgroups, underscoring the need for stratified, individualised interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In T2DM, self\u2010efficacy consistently emerged as a central psychological factor associated with self\u2010care behaviour, glycaemic control and quality of life. The available evidence suggests that theoretically grounded, individually tailored interventions addressing psychological and behavioural determinants, including self\u2010efficacy, self\u2010care, empowerment and resilience, hold promise for improving diabetes outcomes. However, further longitudinal and experimental research is needed to confirm these relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:24:11Z","timestamp":1779294251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Self\u2010Efficacy, Self\u2010Care, Glycaemic Control, and Quality of Life Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9760-651X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Alqaisi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department Al\u2010Zaytoonah University  Amman 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