{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T09:03:35Z","timestamp":1785229415898,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008693","name":"Gulf Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet & Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end\u2010stage renal disease in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Early detection remains difficult, but essential for timely management. In this study, we assessed Peroxidasin (\n PXDN<\/jats:italic>\n ) gene expression as a biomarker for early detection of DN and for reflection of oxidative stress status. We also compared\n PXDN<\/jats:italic>\n and Nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB (\n NF\u2010\u03baB)<\/jats:italic>\n expression levels in DN patients, aiming to identify a reliable diagnostic biomarker.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This prospective cross\u2010sectional study included 40 patients with T2DM with and without nephropathy, and 20 matched healthy controls.\n PXDN<\/jats:italic>\n mRNA expression was quantified by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2010PCR). Biochemical analyses of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were also done to assess the oxidative stress status. Laboratory parameters, including glycated haemoglobin, urinary albumin\u2010to\u2010creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and microalbuminuria, were measured and correlated with gene expression levels and the oxidative stress status.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n PXDN<\/jats:italic>\n mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in patients with DN compared to diabetic cases without nephropathy and control subjects. MDA levels were significantly elevated in both diabetic groups relative to controls, but no significant difference was found between DN and DM without renal impairment. TAC was significantly lower in DN cases compared to DM and controls. The\n NF\u2010\u03baB<\/jats:italic>\n gene was upregulated in both diabetic groups compared to control subjects, but no significant difference was found between DN and DM without nephropathy. Furthermore,\n PXDN<\/jats:italic>\n expression did not correlate with MDA, TAC, or\n NF\u2010\u03baB<\/jats:italic>\n levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified\n PXDN<\/jats:italic>\n as a highly specific and sensitive marker for DN, outperforming conventional oxidative stress biomarkers in distinguishing DN from both diabetic and healthy individuals.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n PXDN<\/jats:italic>\n is significantly upregulated in DN and may serve as a sensitive and specific molecular marker for early detection of nephropathy compared to\n NF\u2010\u03baB<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T03:57:21Z","timestamp":1781323041000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Oxidative Stress\u2010Induced Expression Levels of\n PXDN<\/i>\n and\n NF<\/i>\n \u2010\n \u03baB<\/i>\n in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zakira","family":"Hanin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bachelor of Biomedical Science Gulf Medical University Ajman UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisha Anees","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bachelor of Biomedical Science Gulf Medical University Ajman UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhd Salem","family":"Al Nahdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bachelor of Biomedical Science Gulf Medical University Ajman UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumayya Althaf","family":"Kasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bachelor of Biomedical Science Gulf Medical University Ajman UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahir Khalil","family":"Jallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine Gulf Medical University Ajman UAE"},{"name":"Center of Endocrinology Thumbay University Hospital\u2010 Ajman Ajman UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajaram Rhambau","family":"Jagdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine Gulf Medical University Ajman UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2676-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalia A.","family":"Gaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine Gulf Medical University Ajman UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753\u20100407.70038"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713541"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115670"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13040455"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9100925"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272\u2010025\u201001555\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5478708"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080693"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93521-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1134325"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.12.21.572848"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1497449"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56042\/ijbb.v57i1.31769"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9412767"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.08\u2010162"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00096.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/annalsmedres.2022.12.376"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00291.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20123046"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2022.2146512"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102031"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.10.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","volume-title":"Investigating 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