{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T04:26:58Z","timestamp":1787804818274,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004697","name":"Hamadan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["140209147896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["140209147896"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004697","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy Is the Most Common Form of Diabetic Neuropathy and a Major Source of Morbidity in Type 2 Diabetes. Oxidative Stress Plays a Key Role in Its Pathogenesis, and Zinc\u2014An Essential Trace Element Involved in Antioxidant Defence\u2014Has Been Proposed as a Protective Factor. However, Clinical Evidence on the Association Between Serum Zinc Levels and Diabetic Neuropathy Remains Limited and Inconsistent. This Study Examined the Relationship Between Serum Zinc Levels and the Presence of Distal Symmetric Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This Nested Case\u2013Control Study Was Conducted Between December 2023 and March 2025 at the Internal Medicine Clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan, Iran. Ninety Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Were Enrolled, Including 45 With Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy and 45 Without Neuropathy, Diagnosed According to American Diabetes Association Criteria. Serum Zinc Levels Were Measured Photometrically. Group Comparisons Used Independent t\u2010Tests and Chi\u2010Square Tests. Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis Was Used to Examine the Association Between Serum Zinc Levels and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSPN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      While Adjusting for Potential Confounders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients With Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy Had Significantly Lower Serum Zinc Levels Than Those Without (70.6\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u2009\u03bcg\/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      vs. 82.2\u2009\u00b1\u200916.9\u2009\u03bcg\/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In Multivariable Logistic Regression, Zinc Levels Remained Independently Associated With the Presence of Neuropathy; Each One \u03bcg\/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      Increase Was Associated With a 5.4% Reduction in Odds of Neuropathy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower serum zinc levels were independently associated with the presence of distal symmetric polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetes. This finding suggests that zinc deficiency may contribute to the development of diabetic neuropathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T18:56:59Z","timestamp":1784573819000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations between Serum Zinc Levels and the Presence of Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy in Patients with Type\u00a02 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0225-929X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hosseinali","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1232-6003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firozeh","family":"Sajedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7521-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Younes","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02317-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05571-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diaclin.26.2.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2042"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2019.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.13611"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","first-page":"775","article-title":"The Pathway to Foot Ulceration in Diabetes","volume":"97","author":"Boulton A. 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