{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:59:59Z","timestamp":1790373599107,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interleukin (IL)\u201012 and IL\u201035 are heterodimeric cytokines that share the p35 subunit and have opposing inflammatory roles. Dysregulated IL\u201012\/IL\u201035 p35 may reflect an imbalance between pro\u2010 and anti\u2010inflammatory pathways linking metabolic dysfunction to cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the clinical significance of circulating IL\u201012\/IL\u201035 p35 levels remains unclear. This study investigated the association between IL\u201012\/IL\u201035 p35 levels and metabolic and atherogenic risk markers in T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross\u2010sectional study stratified 80 patients with T2D into Low and High IL\u201012\/IL\u201035 p35 groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200940\/group) using a median split of plasma IL\u201012\/IL\u201035 p35 (18.48\u2009pg\/mL). Laboratory parameters were measured using standard methods, and IL\u201012\/IL\u201035 p35 concentrations were quantified by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with High IL\u201012\/IL\u201035 p35 had significantly elevated fasting glucose (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0318), triglycerides (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), triglyceride\/HDL ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), Triglyceride\u2010Glucose (TyG) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Circulating IL\u201012\/IL\u201035 p35 levels positively correlated with triglycerides, AIP, Trig\/HDL ratio and TyG index (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), and negatively correlated with HDL (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0466). In the multiple linear regression analysis, IL\u201012\/IL\u201035 p35 levels and TyG index (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) independently predicted atherogenicity after adjusting for glycaemic control. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that IL\u201012\/IL\u201035 p35 discriminated participants with high\u2010risk AIP (AUC\u2009=\u20090.79, 95% CI: 0.68\u20130.89,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and elevated TyG index (AUC\u2009=\u20090.78, 95% CI: 0.63\u20130.93,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0147).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated circulating IL\u201012\/IL\u201035 p35 in T2D is associated with suboptimal glucose control and pronounced atherogenicity, suggesting altered activity within this immunoregulatory axis. These findings highlight the shared p35 subunit as a marker of immune imbalance and support its potential utility in identifying heightened atherogenic risk in T2D beyond the traditional markers. Future studies should directly quantify intact IL\u201012 and IL\u201035 to elucidate their individual contributions to the alteration of this immunoregulatory axis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:52:41Z","timestamp":1788583961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Shared\n                    <scp>IL<\/scp>\n                    \u201012\/\n                    <scp>IL<\/scp>\n                    \u201035 p35 Subunit Is Associated With Heightened Atherogenic Risk in African Patients With Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3288-9524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tawanda M.","family":"Nyambuya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6442-1296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwig","family":"Shingenge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Applied Sciences and Natural Resources Namibia University of Science and Technology  Windhoek Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fransina","family":"Ndevahoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Applied Sciences and Natural Resources Namibia University of Science and Technology  Windhoek Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bongani B.","family":"Nkambule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal  Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.Cassambai J.Tetteh P.Highton et\u00a0al. \u201cPrevalence of Cardiometabolic Diseases in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis \u201d2024 (cited 2026 April 20) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.5017937.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5017937"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S565805"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5937\/jomb0\u201052038"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db25\u20100017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S540010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.7.3725"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865\u2010025\u201000754\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26051859"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(21)00520\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165\u20102478(94)00226\u2010h"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.117.310626"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hh0901.090440"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2012.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201050614\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1952"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18\u2010S002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11795514241263298"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Triglyceride\u2010Glucose Index as a Biomarker of Insulin Resistance, Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review","volume":"35","author":"Kurniawan L. 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