{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:59:59Z","timestamp":1790373599134,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023759","name":"Telethon Kids Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023759","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrino Diabet &amp; Metabol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Living with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires multiple daily self\u2010care behaviours. Identifying important self\u2010care behaviours associated with health and wellbeing has the potential to support a goal\u2010focussed and person\u2010centred consultation. We describe diabetes self\u2010care behaviours and their associations with clinical outcomes including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) and diabetes distress, and characterise key behavioural measures associated with poorer outcomes that could be targeted via behavioural intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study involving 105 adults with T1D attending a tertiary diabetes outpatient clinic. Self\u2010report questionnaires administered during routine appointments assessed diabetes self\u2010care behaviours, measures of distress and psychological flexibility. Associations between behaviours, HbA1C and distress were examined. Cluster analysis identified subgroups of participants with similar profiles, providing insights into frequency of self\u2010care behaviours, HbA1C and distress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Half the participants reported lower frequencies of some key behaviours than generally considered necessary to manage day\u2010to\u2010day glucose variations. HbA1C less than 64\u2009mmol\/mol (&lt;\u20098%) was associated with higher frequency of glucose checks, frequency of insulin administration, less prandial insulin omission, and days having hypoglycaemia treatment food available. Clinically significant distress was associated with less frequent insulin administration and less frequent glucose checks before administering insulin. Higher perceived attainment of diabetes self\u2010care goals and psychological flexibility were associated with lower HbA1C and distress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A point of care self\u2010reported questionnaire can identify the frequency of clinically meaningful self\u2010care behaviours, particularly those most strongly associated with glycaemia and\/or distress. This could inform targeted strategies to enhance health outcomes. A prospective study is necessary to test whether routine collection of behavioural information would enhance personalised approaches to diabetes care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T09:21:07Z","timestamp":1789809667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Frequency of Key Type 1 Diabetes Self\u2010Care Behaviours Are Associated With Psychological Flexibility, Distress and Glycaemic Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1876-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Fiona Stanley Fremantle Hospitals Group  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Royal Perth Bentley Hospital Group  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7612-5892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bu B.","family":"Yeap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Fiona Stanley Fremantle Hospitals Group  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Global and Public Health The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"The Kids Research Institute Australia  Perth Western Australia 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