{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:42:35Z","timestamp":1788316955180,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3022,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20130307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20130307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["340-2013-5187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["340-2013-5187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["521-2013-4236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["521-2013-4236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cardiology Research Foundation of the Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital\/\u00d6stra, Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007212","name":"V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALFGBG-433211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-433211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005689","name":"Gothenburg Medical Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20130307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20130307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["340\u20102013\u20105187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["340\u20102013\u20105187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["521\u20102013\u20104236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["521\u20102013\u20104236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007212","name":"V\u00e4stra G\u00f6talandsregionen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALFGBG\u2010433211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG\u2010433211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital discharges with a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy have more than doubled in Sweden since 1987. We validated the cardiomyopathy diagnoses over this time period to investigate that the increase was real and not a result of improved recognition of the diagnosis and better diagnostic methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Every fifth year from 1989 to 2009, records for all patients with a cardiomyopathy diagnosis were identified by searching the local registers in three hospitals in V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Sweden. The diagnoses were validated according to criteria defined by the European Society of Cardiology from 2008. The population comprised 611 cases with cardiomyopathy diagnoses [mean age 58.9 (SD 15.5) years, 68.2% male], divided into three major groups: dilated, hypertrophic, and other cardiomyopathies. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy were analysed as a group. Cardiomyopathies for which there were few cases, such as restrictive, arrhythmogenic right ventricular, left ventricular non-compaction, takotsubo, and peripartum cardiomyopathies, were analysed together and defined as \u2018other cardiomyopathies\u2019. Relevant co-morbidities were registered. The use of echocardiography was 99.7%, of which 94.6% was complete echocardiography reports. The accuracy rates of the diagnoses dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and other cardiomyopathies were 85.5%, 87.5%, and 100%, respectively, with no differences between the three hospitals or years studied; nor did the prevalence of co-morbidities differ.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The accuracy rate of the cardiomyopathy diagnoses from in-hospital records from &amp;gt;600 patients in western Sweden during a 20 year period was 86.6%, with no significant trend over time, strengthening epidemiological findings that this is likely due to an actual increase in cardiomyopathy diagnoses rather than changes in coding practices. The use of echocardiography was high, and there was no significant difference in co-morbidities during the study period. The accuracy rate of the cardiomyopathy diagnoses during the 20 year period was high. The use of diagnostic tools did not increase under the study period, and once cardiomyopathy diagnoses were suspected, echocardiography was performed in almost all cases. In this study, the occurrence of cardiomyopathy was increasing over time without significant increase of co-morbidity, supporting that an actual increase of cardiomyopathy has occurred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T04:16:40Z","timestamp":1507695400000},"page":"233-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["High Validity of Cardiomyopathy Diagnoses in Western Sweden (1989\u20132009)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Basic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital\/\u00d6stra , Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Rosengren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital\/\u00d6stra , Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Lindstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ryhov County Hospital , J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Schaufelberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital\/\u00d6stra , Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.025270","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"93","author":"Mosterd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009884820941","article-title":"Incidence and epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"5","author":"Kannel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","article-title":"2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"37","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs104","article-title":"ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"33","author":"McMurray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","article-title":"2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"37","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hft064","article-title":"The epidemiology of heart failure, based on data for 2.1 million inhabitants in Sweden","volume":"15","author":"Zarrinkoub","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht278","article-title":"Heart failure in young adults: 20-year trends in hospitalization, aetiology, and case fatality in Sweden","volume":"35","author":"Barasa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm342","article-title":"Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases","volume":"29","author":"Elliott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0009","first-page":"1","article-title":"Report of the WHO\/ISFC task force on the definition and classification of cardiomyopathies","volume":"48","author":"Oakley","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(70)90817-9","article-title":"The cardiomyopathies: order from chaos","volume":"25","author":"Hudson","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.44.6.672","article-title":"Report of the WHO\/ISFC Task Force on the definition and classification of cardiomyopathies","volume":"44","author":"Brandeburg","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5397.1527","article-title":"Cardiac function in primary myocardial disorders I","volume":"1","author":"Goodwin","year":"1964","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5398.1595","article-title":"Cardiac function in primary myocardial disorders II","volume":"1","author":"Goodwin","year":"1964","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.841","article-title":"Report of the 1995 World Health Organization\/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the definition and classification of cardiomyopathies","volume":"93","author":"Richardson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht296","article-title":"2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: the Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"34","author":"Task Force Members","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr236","article-title":"ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: the Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"32","author":"Hamm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs215","article-title":"ESC guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation","volume":"33","author":"Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii9","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jep157","article-title":"Echocardiography in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnosis, prognosis, and role in management","volume":"10","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2004.12.007","article-title":"The validity of a diagnosis of heart failure in a hospital discharge register","volume":"7","author":"Ingelsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2005.04.001","article-title":"Do discharge codes underestimate hospitalisation due to heart failure? Validation study of hospital discharge coding for heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Khand","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7133.2008.07752.x","article-title":"Validity of a discharge diagnosis of heart failure: implications of misdiagnosing","volume":"14","author":"Fonseca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2008.05.006","article-title":"Accuracy of a heart failure diagnosis in administrative registers","volume":"10","author":"K\u00fcmler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-009-9335-x","article-title":"Validity of coronary heart diseases and heart failure based on hospital discharge and mortality data in the Netherlands using the cardiovascular registry Maastricht cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Merry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487312438979","article-title":"The validity of heart failure diagnoses obtained from administrative registers","volume":"20","author":"M\u00e4h\u00f6nen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450","article-title":"External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register","volume":"11","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026012115115401200_ehf212224-bib-0026","first-page":"235","article-title":"Positive predictive value and impact of misdiagnosis of a heart failure diagnosis in administrative registers among patients admitted to a University Hospital cardiac care unit","volume":"2","author":"Mard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["ESC Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fehf2.12224","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article-pdf\/5\/2\/233\/66136930\/eschf_5_2_233.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article-pdf\/5\/2\/233\/66136930\/eschf_5_2_233.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T20:15:48Z","timestamp":1769026548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article\/5\/2\/233\/8403929"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ehf2.12224","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-5822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-5822","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-02-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-09-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-10-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}