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The prevalence of sarcopenia is increased in patients suffering from chronic heart failure. However, there are currently few therapy options. The main intervention is resistance exercise, either alone or in combination with nutritional support, which seems to enhance the beneficial effects of training. Also, testosterone has been shown to increased muscle power and function; however, a possible limitation is the side effects of testosterone. Other investigational drugs include selective androgen receptor modulators, growth hormone, IGF-1, compounds targeting myostatin signaling, which have their own set of side effects. There are abundant prospective targets for improving muscle function in the elderly with or without chronic heart failure, and the continuing development of new treatment strategies and compounds for sarcopenia and cardiac cachexia makes this field an exciting one.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T06:41:43Z","timestamp":1511160103000},"page":"492-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":224,"title":["Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia in Heart Failure and Beyond: Update 2017"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Jochen","family":"Springer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen (UMG) , G\u00f6ttingen 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