{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T13:30:00Z","timestamp":1769088600686,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2151,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science & Technology Pillar Program, 12th 5 year plan of China","award":["2011BAI11B10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011BAI11B10"]}]},{"name":"National Science & Technology Pillar Program, 12th 5 year plan of China","award":["2011BAI11B10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011BAI11B10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of digoxin use on the outcomes of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and its possible interaction with atrial fibrillation or use of currently guideline-recommended treatments in the real world in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients hospitalized with HFrEF from 45 hospitals participating in the China National Heart Failure Registration Study (CN-HF) were enrolled to assess the all-cause mortality, HF mortality, all-cause re-hospitalization, and HF re-hospitalization associated with digoxin use. Eight hundred eighty-two eligible HFrEF patients in the CN-HF registry were included: 372 patients with digoxin and 510 patients without digoxin. Among them, 794 (90.0%) patients were followed up for the endpoint events, with a median follow-up of 28.6 months. Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis showed that the all-cause mortality (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and all-cause re-hospitalization (P = 0.020) were significantly higher in digoxin group than non-digoxin group, while HF mortality (P = 0.232) and HF re-hospitalization (P = 0.098) were similar between the two groups. The adjusted Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis demonstrated that digoxin use remained as an independent risk factor for increased all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27\u20132.44; P = 0.001] and all-cause re-hospitalization (HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.03\u20131.57; P = 0.029) in HFrEF patients and the predictive value of digoxin for all-cause mortality irrespective of rhythm or in combination with other guideline-recommended therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Digoxin use is independently associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and all-cause re-hospitalization in HFrEF patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T03:52:26Z","timestamp":1580269946000},"page":"139-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Digoxin is Associated with Worse Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jingmin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"North Sichuan Medical College, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong, Sichuan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuejuan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dingli","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinchun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Sichuan Medical College, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong, Sichuan ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Sichuan Medical College, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong, Sichuan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiaoqing","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, 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