{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:25:23Z","timestamp":1785774323858,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2068,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010447","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Herz-Kreislaufforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HL085561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL085561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HL085561-S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL085561-S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HL097047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL097047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010447","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Herz-Kreislaufforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010HL085561, R01\u2010HL085561\u2010S and R01\u2010HL097047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010HL085561, R01\u2010HL085561\u2010S and R01\u2010HL097047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypokalaemia is a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure (HF). The objective of this study was to examine the association between hypokalaemia and outcomes in hospitalized patients with decompensated HF in whom sudden death is less common.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 5881 hospitalized patients with HF, 1052 had consistent hypokalaemia (both admission and discharge serum potassium &amp;lt;4.0 mmol\/L), and 2538 had consistent normokalaemia (both admission and discharge serum potassium 4.0\u20135.0 mmol\/L). Propensity scores for consistent hypokalaemia, estimated for each of 3590 (1052 + 2538) patients, were used to assemble a matched cohort of 971 pairs of patients with consistent hypokalaemia vs. consistent normokalaemia, balanced on 54 baseline characteristics (mean age, 75 years; 60% women; 28% African American). We repeated the above process to assemble 2327 pairs of patients with discharge potassium &amp;lt;4.0 vs. 4.0\u20135.0 mmol\/L and 449 pairs of patients with discharge serum potassium &amp;lt;3.5 vs. 4.0\u20135.0 mmol\/L. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with hypokalaemia were estimated in matched cohorts. 30 day all-cause mortality occurred in 5% and 4% of patients with consistent normokalaemia vs. consistent hypokalaemia, respectively (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.52\u20131.18; P = 0.241). HRs (95% CI) for 30 day mortality associated with discharge serum potassium &amp;lt;4.0 and &amp;lt;3.5 mmol\/L were 0.90 (0.70\u20131.16; P = 0.419) and 1.69 (0.94\u20133.04; P = 0.078), respectively. Hypokalaemia (&amp;lt;4.0 or &amp;lt;3.5 mmol\/L) had no association with long-term mortality or other outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In hospitalized older patients with HF, compared with normokalaemia (serum potassium 4.0\u20135.0 mmol\/L), hypokalaemia (&amp;lt;4.0 or &amp;lt;3.5 mmol\/L) had no significant associations with outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T02:29:55Z","timestamp":1587522595000},"page":"794-803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Hypokalaemia and Outcomes in Older Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Miroslava","family":"Valentova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, George Washington University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip H.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Georgetown University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Faselis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, George Washington University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cherinne","family":"Arundel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, George Washington University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Georgetown University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregg C.","family":"Fonarow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University of California , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Biomedical Informatics Center, George Washington University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Allman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, George Washington University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"von Haehling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan D.","family":"Anker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology (CVK) and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, George Washington University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Georgetown University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.06.021","article-title":"What is the optimal serum potassium level in cardiovascular patients?","volume":"43","author":"Macdonald","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm091","article-title":"A propensity-matched study of the association of low serum potassium levels and mortality in chronic heart failure","volume":"28","author":"Ahmed","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.05.047","article-title":"A propensity-matched study of low serum potassium and mortality in older adults with chronic heart failure","volume":"137","author":"Alper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.899526","article-title":"Hypokalemia and outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease: findings from propensity-matched studies","volume":"3","author":"Bowling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.09.016","article-title":"Mode of death in advanced heart failure: the Comparison of Medical, Pacing, and Defibrillation Therapies in Heart Failure (COMPANION) trial","volume":"46","author":"Carson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.909614","article-title":"Mode of death in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction: results from the Irbesartan in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Study (I-Preserve) trial","volume":"121","author":"Zile","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.02.023","article-title":"Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in heart Failure Outcome Study with Tolvaptan i. Causes of death and rehospitalization in patients hospitalized with worsening heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: results from Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in Heart Failure Outcome Study with Tolvaptan (EVEREST) program","volume":"159","author":"O'Connor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.05.003","article-title":"Baseline characteristics, quality of care, and outcomes of younger and older Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with heart failure: findings from the Alabama Heart Failure Project","volume":"162","author":"Feller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.10.013","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin inhibition in systolic heart failure and chronic kidney disease","volume":"125","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2013.08.027","article-title":"Digoxin use and lower 30-day all-cause readmission for Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for heart failure","volume":"127","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.04.041","article-title":"Mild hyperkalemia and outcomes in chronic heart failure: a propensity matched study","volume":"144","author":"Ahmed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","article-title":"The central role of propensity score in observational studies for causal effects","volume":"70","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020363010465","article-title":"Using propensity score to help design observational studies: application to the tobacco litigation","volume":"2","author":"Rubin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Health Serv Outcomes Res Methodol"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp222","article-title":"A history of atrial fibrillation and outcomes in chronic advanced systolic heart failure: a propensity-matched study","volume":"30","author":"Ahmed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2008.06.009","article-title":"A propensity-matched study of outcomes of chronic heart failure (HF) in younger and older adults","volume":"49","author":"Wahle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.069245","article-title":"Important differences in mode of death between men and women with heart failure who would qualify for a primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator","volume":"126","author":"Rho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17709-5","article-title":"Treating individuals 2. Subgroup analysis in randomised controlled trials: importance, indications, and interpretation","volume":"365","author":"Rothwell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.09.038","article-title":"Serum potassium levels and outcome in acute heart failure (data from the PROTECT and COACH trials)","volume":"119","author":"Tromp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030576","article-title":"Long-term potassium monitoring and dynamics in heart failure and risk of mortality","volume":"137","author":"Nunez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026012115041196100_ehf212666-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/20009666.2019.1593778","article-title":"Influence of abnormal potassium levels on mortality among hospitalized heart failure patients in the US: data from National Inpatient Sample","volume":"9","author":"Basnet","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect"}],"container-title":["ESC Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fehf2.12666","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ehf2.12666","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ehf2.12666","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article-pdf\/7\/3\/794\/65805096\/eschf_7_3_794.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article-pdf\/7\/3\/794\/65805096\/eschf_7_3_794.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T20:05:10Z","timestamp":1769025910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article\/7\/3\/794\/8373031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ehf2.12666","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-5822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-5822","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-10-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}