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However, it is unclear whether absolute [transferrin saturation (TSAT) &amp;lt;20%, ferritin &amp;lt;100 \u03bcg\/L] or inflammation-driven functional ID (TSAT &amp;lt;20%, ferritin &amp;gt;100 \u03bcg\/L) with and without anaemia had similar or different consequences for such patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within this retrospective cohort study, 2223 patients (1601 men and 622 women) with CHF, referred to our department, between 2000 and 2018, were followed for a median time of 84 months. Anaemia was found in 393 patients and was an independent predictor for an adverse outcome [HR 2.164 (95% CI 1.865\u20132.512), P &amp;lt; 0.001]. In 674 patients with available parameters of iron metabolism, ID was present in 228 patients and was associated with an unfavourable outcome [HR 1.499 (95% CI 1.158\u20131.940), P = 0.002]. ID was best predicting an adverse outcome in men \u226459 years, with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, preserved kidney function, no inflammation, and a body mass index (BMI) \u226525.5 kg\/m2. Functional ID in women and absolute ID in men were associated with poor prognosis. Of note, TSAT &amp;lt;20% but not low ferritin levels were predictive for an adverse outcome. Anaemic patients with high ferritin levels, advanced inflammation, older age, low BMI, male gender, and reduced glomerular filtration rate had the worst prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anaemia and low tissue iron availability as reflected by TSAT &amp;lt;20% are negative predictors of outcome in patients with CHF. Systemic inflammation, renal function, BMI, age, and gender are important contributors for the clinical course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T04:44:05Z","timestamp":1590554645000},"page":"1880-1890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Anaemia, Iron Status, and Gender Predict the Outcome in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Kurz*\u2020","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University , Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020, Innsbruck 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