{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T19:33:22Z","timestamp":1774985602730,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2040,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shahid Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center","award":["93089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["93089"]}]},{"name":"Shahid Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center","award":["93089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["93089"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy (HNDC), which is determined by impaired left ventricular (LV) systolic function despite normal LV size, has been categorized as a subgroup of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) spectrum. Lack of data regarding advanced echocardiographic data in this population motivated us to design the present study in order to assess LV myocardial deformation properties of HNDC patients against the ones with dilated left ventricle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-one HNDC patients and 23 DCM patients were enrolled in the study consecutively. Myocardial deformation parameters including global longitudinal strain, global circumferential strain, LV basal and apical rotation, LV twist, and LV mechanical dispersion were obtained with the use of two-dimensional speckle tracking-based methods in all patients. Left cardiac chamber volume was also measured using three-dimensional HeartModel application. Patients with enlarged left ventricle tend to have lower LV ejection fraction. Comparing with HNDC group, DCM patients showed worse global circumferential strain (coefficient \u00b1 standard error 3.59 \u00b1 0.94, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and LV mechanical dispersion (coefficient \u00b1 standard error 16.46 \u00b1 7.09, P = 0.02) after regression analysis, while neither the global longitudinal strain nor the LV twist was not significantly different between two study population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Left ventricular enlargement has a substantial effect on the circumferential strain and mechanical dispersion more than other deformation parameters that may play a role in the assumed poor prognosis of heart failure patients with dilated left ventricle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T03:55:09Z","timestamp":1589860509000},"page":"1909-1916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Hypokinetic Non-Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Comparison with Dilated Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Hoda","family":"Mombeini*","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shahid Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center , Tehran ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mozhgan","family":"Parsaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shahid Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center , Tehran ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shahid Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center , Tehran ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002518","article-title":"The prevalence and prognostic significance of right ventricular systolic dysfunction in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"128","author":"Gulati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv727","article-title":"Proposal for a revised definition of dilated cardiomyopathy, hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy, and its implications for clinical practice: a position statement of the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases","volume":"37","author":"Pinto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.72.2.302","article-title":"Mildly dilated congestive cardiomyopathy","volume":"72","author":"Keren","year":"1985","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.08.285","article-title":"Prevalence of hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy in a large general Chinese population","volume":"223","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.608","article-title":"Insights into mildly dilated cardiomyopathy: temporal evolution and long-term prognosis","volume":"19","author":"Gigli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(93)90020-A","article-title":"The spectrum of left ventricular size in dilated cardiomyopathy: clinical correlates and prognostic implications","volume":"125","author":"Gayazzi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.81.2.506","article-title":"Mildly dilated congestive cardiomyopathy. Use of prospective diagnostic criteria and description of the clinical course without heart transplantation","volume":"81","author":"Keren","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.118.005220","article-title":"Clinical phenotype and genotype associations with improvement in left ventricular function in dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"11","author":"Verdonschot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2018.10.006","article-title":"Need for a global definition of normative echo values\u2014rationale and design of the World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography Normal Values Study (WASE)","volume":"32","author":"Asch","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5402.177","article-title":"Human experimentation. Code of ethics of the World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki","volume":"2","author":"Rickham","year":"1964","journal-title":"British Med J"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0011","first-page":"1321","article-title":"Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"17","author":"Nagueh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1067\/mje.2001.115655","article-title":"Effect of the isolated left bundle branch block on systolic and diastolic functions of left ventricle","volume":"14","author":"\u00d6zdemir","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2017.1387282","article-title":"Mechanical dispersion is associated with poor outcome in heart failure with a severely depressed left ventricular function and bundle branch blocks","volume":"50","author":"Stankovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.11.018","article-title":"Global longitudinal strain and global circumferential strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography and feature-tracking cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: comparison with left ventricular ejection fraction","volume":"28","author":"Onishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.06.046","article-title":"Geometry as a confounder when assessing ventricular systolic function: comparison between ejection fraction and strain","volume":"70","author":"Stokke","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.2.535","article-title":"Noninvasive measurement of shortening in the fiber and cross-fiber directions in the normal human left ventricle and in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"96","author":"MacGowan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.049","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance, fibrosis, and prognosis in dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"48","author":"Assomull","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.061","article-title":"Global 2-dimensional strain as a new prognosticator in patients with heart failure","volume":"54","author":"Cho","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht133","article-title":"Prognostic value of myocardial circumferential strain for incident heart failure and cardiovascular events in asymptomatic individuals: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2009.11.012","article-title":"Mechanical dispersion assessed by myocardial strain in patients after myocardial infarction for risk prediction of ventricular arrhythmia","volume":"3","author":"Haugaa","year":"2010","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.03.005","article-title":"Strain echocardiography improves risk prediction of ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction","volume":"6","author":"Haugaa","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew005","article-title":"Strain echocardiography is related to fibrosis and ventricular arrhythmias in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"17","author":"Haland","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Heart Journal\u2013Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2012.02.004","article-title":"Risk assessment of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy by strain echocardiography","volume":"25","author":"Haugaa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026012115031694700_ehf212764-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(14)80445-8","article-title":"Left ventricular diastolic dysfanction in end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy: simultaneous Doppler echocardiography and hemodynamic evaluation","volume":"4","author":"Goar","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"}],"container-title":["ESC Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fehf2.12764","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ehf2.12764","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ehf2.12764","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article-pdf\/7\/4\/1909\/65901810\/eschf_7_4_1909.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article-pdf\/7\/4\/1909\/65901810\/eschf_7_4_1909.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T20:03:55Z","timestamp":1769025835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article\/7\/4\/1909\/8372518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ehf2.12764","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-5822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-5822","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}