{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:05:22Z","timestamp":1788458722949,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1995,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Else-Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius Foundation"},{"name":"Else-Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dendritic cells (DCs) are central mediators of adaptive immunity, and there is growing evidence of their role in myocardial inflammatory disease. We hypothesized that plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs are involved in the mechanisms of myocarditis and analysed these two main subtypes in human myocarditis subjects, as well as in a murine model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Circulating DCs were analysed by flow cytometry in patients with acute myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and controls. Myocardial biopsies were immunostained for the presence of DCs and compared with non-diseased controls. In a mouse model of acute myocarditis induced through synthetic cardiac myosine peptide injection, effects of immunomodulation including DC inhibition through MCS-18 versus placebo treatment were tested at the peak of inflammation (Day 21), as well as 1 week later (partial recovery). Circulatory pDCs and mDCs were significantly reduced in myocarditis patients compared with controls (P &amp;lt; 0.01 for both) and remained so even after 6 months of follow-up. Human myocarditis biopsies showed accumulation of pDCs (two-fold CD304+\/three-fold CD123+, all P &amp;lt; 0.05) compared with controls. Myocardial pDCs and mDCs accumulated in EAM (P for both &amp;lt;0.0001). MCS-18 treatment reduced pDC levels (P = 0.009), reduced myocardial inflammation (myocarditis score reduction from 2.6 to 1.8, P = 0.026), and improved ejection fraction (P = 0.03) in EAM at Day 21 (peak of inflammation). This effect was not observed during the partial recovery of inflammation on Day 28.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Circulating DCs are reduced in human myocarditis and accumulate in the inflamed myocardium. MCS-18 treatment reduces DCs in EAM, leading to amelioration of inflammation and left ventricular remodelling during the acute phase of myocarditis. Our data further elucidate the role of DCs and their specific subsets in acute inflammatory cardiomyopathies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T11:03:40Z","timestamp":1593774220000},"page":"2305-2317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Characterization of Dendritic Cells in Human and Experimental Myocarditis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7676-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rudin","family":"Pistulli*","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology I \u2013 Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital M\u00fcnster , Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1, M\u00fcnster, 48149 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Andreas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Jena , Jena ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center Leipzig , Leipzig ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Drobnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Jena , Jena ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kretzschmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Jena , Jena ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilonka","family":"Rohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Jena , Jena ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lichtenauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Salzburg , Salzburg ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Heidecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Jena , Jena ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gita","family":"Mall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Jena , Jena ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atilla","family":"Yilmaz\u2020\u2020","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic II, Elisabeth Hospital , Schmalkalden ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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