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However, the impact of body composition and muscle strength changes in these aetiologies is still unknown. We aimed to evaluate these parameters across aetiologies in two distinct cohort studies [TESTOsterone-Heart Failure trial (TESTO-HF; Brazil) and Studies Investigating Co-morbidities Aggravating Heart Failure (SICA-HF; Germany)].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 64 male patients with left ventricular ejection fraction \u226440% were matched for body mass index and New York Heart Association class, including 22 patients with Chagas disease (TESTO-HF; Brazil), and 20 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and 22 patients with ischaemic heart disease (SICA-HF; Germany). Lean body mass (LBM), appendicular lean mass (ALM), and fat mass were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia was defined as ALM divided by height in metres squared &amp;lt;7.0 kg\/m2 (ALM\/height2) and handgrip strength cut-off for men according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. All patients performed maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Chagasic and ischaemic patients had lower total fat mass (16.3 \u00b1 8.1 vs. 19.3 \u00b1 8.0 vs. 27.6 \u00b1 9.4 kg; P &amp;lt; 0.05) and reduced peak oxygen consumption (VO2) (1.17 \u00b1 0.36 vs. 1.15 \u00b1 0.36 vs. 1.50 \u00b1 0.45 L\/min; P &amp;lt; 0.05) than patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, respectively. Chagasic patients showed a trend towards decreased LBM when compared with ischaemic patients (48.3 \u00b1 7.6 vs. 54.2 \u00b1 6.3 kg; P = 0.09). Chagasic patients showed lower handgrip strength (27 \u00b1 8 vs. 37 \u00b1 11 vs. 36 \u00b1 14 kg; P &amp;lt; 0.05) and FBF (1.84 \u00b1 0.54 vs. 2.75 \u00b1 0.76 vs. 3.42 \u00b1 1.21 mL\/min\/100 mL; P &amp;lt; 0.01) than ischaemic and dilated cardiomyopathy patients, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the distribution of sarcopenia between groups (P = 0.87). In addition, FBF correlated positively with LBM (r = 0.31; P = 0.012), ALM (r = 0.25; P = 0.046), and handgrip strength (r = 0.36; P = 0.004). In a logistic regression model using peak VO2 as the dependent variable, haemoglobin (odds ratio, 1.506; 95% confidence interval, 1.043\u20132.177; P = 0.029) and ALM (odds ratio, 1.179; 95% confidence interval, 1.011\u20131.374; P = 0.035) were independent predictors for peak VO2 adjusted by age, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association, creatinine, and FBF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with Chagas disease and HF have decreased fat mass and exhibit reduced peripheral blood flow and impaired muscle strength compared with ischaemic HF patients. In addition, patients with Chagas disease and HF show a tendency to have greater reduction in total LBM, with ALM remaining an independent predictor of reduced functional capacity in these patients. The percentage of patients affected by sarcopenia was equal between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T01:29:01Z","timestamp":1598664541000},"page":"3086-3094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Functional Capacity in Patients with Heart Failure of Chagas Disease and Other Aetiologies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6477-8741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme Wesley Peixoto","family":"da Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of G\u00f6ttingen Medical Center (UMG) , Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, G\u00f6ttingen, D - 37075 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Garfias Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of G\u00f6ttingen Medical Center (UMG) , Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, G\u00f6ttingen, D - 37075 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Ebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of G\u00f6ttingen Medical Center (UMG) , Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, G\u00f6ttingen, D - 37075 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Rodrigues","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis Ribeiro","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Mady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliam","family":"Takayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa Maria Rodrigues","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Doehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology (CVK) and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan D.","family":"Anker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology (CVK) and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Eduardo","family":"Negr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sports, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Janieire de Nazar\u00e9 Nunes","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"von Haehling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of G\u00f6ttingen Medical Center (UMG) , Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, G\u00f6ttingen, D - 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