{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:25:08Z","timestamp":1791563108268,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1927,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201608440264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201608440264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Funding of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology","award":["Project 1010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project 1010"]}]},{"name":"General Research Fund of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology","award":["YN2018ML02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YN2018ML02"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201608440264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201608440264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baduanjin (eight silken movements), a traditional Chinese exercise, is an alternative to the most common cardiac rehabilitation programmes due to their scarcity and unaffordability in China. The aim of this study was to measure the intensity and energy expenditure during Baduanjin and to determine the relative oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) responses of Baduanjin compared with maximal capacity in patients with chronic heart failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty participants (age: 65 \u00b1 10 years, male: n = 17) with New York Heart Association II\u2013III volunteered for this study. Participants were examined during two separate sessions, with 1\u20132 weeks between sessions. During session one, a symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on a cycle ergometer for measurement of maximal exercise capacity. Additionally, participants were taught Baduanjin exercise from a professional coach and were required to do it at home until the second session when their technique was confirmed by the coach. During session two, participants performed one 9 min round of Baduanjin with continuous measurement of VO2 and HR. Measurements obtained during the Baduanjin were compared with data obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. While performing Baduanjin, the mean VO2 and HR were 7.1 \u00b1 1.2 mL\/kg\/min and 86.1 \u00b1 15.2 b.p.m., respectively. Compared with the cardiopulmonary exercise test, the VO2 was 44% of their VO2max and 67% of their HRmax, categorizing Baduanjin as a moderate-intensity exercise. The average energy expenditure during Baduanjin was 23.3 \u00b1 4.4 kcal. Additionally, the VO2 and HR responses during Baduanjin both exhibited a bimodal pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results suggest that Baduanjin is a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise that could be an effective and safe exercise modality for home-based cardiac rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T18:12:13Z","timestamp":1601316733000},"page":"3782-3791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Intensity Level and Cardiorespiratory Responses to\n                    <i>Baduanjin<\/i>\n                    Exercise in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0353-4185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiankun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Key Unit of Methodology in Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Marrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia St\u00e5lsby","family":"Lundborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehuai","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Unit of Methodology in Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"National Centre for Design Measurement and Evaluation in Clinical Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihui","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Heart Failure Center\/Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012114080287800_ehf212959-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X8200004X","article-title":"Baduanjin\u2014an ancient Chinese exercise","volume":"10","author":"Koh","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"key":"2026012114080287800_ehf212959-bib-0002","volume-title":"Traditional Chinese Exercises","author":"Qu","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026012114080287800_ehf212959-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/784059","article-title":"The effect of Baduanjin on promoting the physical fitness and health of adults","volume":"2014","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"2026012114080287800_ehf212959-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4548706","article-title":"A 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heart failure (BESMILE-HF study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2026012114080287800_ehf212959-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X01000423","article-title":"Heart rate responses and oxygen consumption during Tai Chi Chuan practice","volume":"29","author":"Lan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"key":"2026012114080287800_ehf212959-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X04001734","article-title":"The aerobic capacity and ventilatory efficiency during exercise in Qigong and Tai Chi Chuan practitioners","volume":"32","author":"Lan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"key":"2026012114080287800_ehf212959-bib-0010","volume-title":"General Administration of Sport of China: 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