{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:32:57Z","timestamp":1769117577236,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1834,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2017-I2M-1-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-I2M-1-009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is considered an indicator of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Longitudinal studies on the predictive value of LVEF are scarce. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic role of LVEF in the outcomes of Chinese patients with CRT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred ninety-two patients were divided into three tertiles of LVEF: \u226425%, 25\u201330%, and 30\u201335%, and four groups by LVEF changes: &amp;lt;0% (negative response); \u22650% and \u22645% (non-response); &amp;gt;5% and \u226415% (response); and &amp;gt;15% (super-response). One hundred six patients were super-responders. During a median follow-up of 3.6 years, 141 reached the composite endpoint. Odds ratios (ORs) for super-response depicted a reversed U-shaped relationship for baseline LVEF with a peak at 25\u201330%. Independent predictors of super-response were smaller left atrial diameter [odds ratio 0.897, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.844\u20130.955, P = 0.001], smaller left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (OR 0.937, 95% CI 0.889\u20130.989, P = 0.018), and higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR 1.018, 95% CI 1.001\u20131.035, P = 0.042) in Tertile 1; atrial fibrillation (OR 0.278, 95% CI 0.086\u20130.901, P = 0.033), left bundle branch block (OR 4.096, 95% CI 1.046\u201316.037, P = 0.043), and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (OR 0.929, 95% CI 0.876\u20130.986, P = 0.016) in Tertile 2; while female sex (OR 2.778, 95% CI 1.082\u20137.132, P = 0.034) and higher systolic blood pressure (OR 1.045, 95% CI 1.013\u20131.079, P = 0.006) in Tertile 3. An inverse association with the composite endpoint was found in Tertile 1 vs. Tertile 2 (hazard ratio 1.934, 95% CI 1.248\u20132.996, P = 0.003). The prognostic effects of CRT response in Tertile 3 and Tertile 1 varied significantly (P for trend = 0.017 and &amp;lt;0.001). Among three tertiles in super-responders, event-free survival was similar (P for trend = 0.143).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Left ventricular ejection fraction of 25\u201330% is associated with a better prognosis of super-response. Predictors of super-response are different for LVEF tertiles. CRT responses would have better prognostic performance than LVEF tertiles at baseline, which should be considered when clinicians screening eligible patients for CRT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T04:07:32Z","timestamp":1607746052000},"page":"368-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prognostic Effects of Longitudinal Changes in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nixiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minsi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiran","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.04.005","article-title":"Characterization of super-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"7","author":"Rickard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02018.x","article-title":"Predicting hyperresponse among pacemaker-dependent nonischemic cardiomyopathy patients upgraded to cardiac resynchronization","volume":"22","author":"Adelstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup038","article-title":"Identification of \u2018super-responders\u2019 to cardiac resynchronization therapy: the importance of symptom duration and left ventricular geometry","volume":"11","author":"Ant\u00f3nio","year":"2009","journal-title":"EP Europace"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2007.09.023","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronization therapy: \u201cnonresponders\u201d and \u201chyperresponders\u201d","volume":"5","author":"Castellant","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.01.065","article-title":"Predictors of super-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy and associated improvement in clinical outcome: the MADIT-CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy) study","volume":"59","author":"Hsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup035","article-title":"Patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy and hyper-responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy: characteristics and long-term evolution","volume":"11","author":"Castellant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp368","article-title":"Characteristics of heart failure patients associated with good and poor response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: a PROSPECT (Predictors of Response to CRT) sub-analysis","volume":"30","author":"vanBommel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.12.058","article-title":"Identification and characterization of super-responders after cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"105","author":"Reant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0009","first-page":"1338","article-title":"Potential predictors of non-response and super-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"124","author":"Qiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.10.028","article-title":"Remission of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and of heart failure symptoms after cardiac resynchronization therapy: temporal pattern and clinical predictors","volume":"155","author":"Gasparini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.10.032","article-title":"Long-term prognosis after cardiac resynchronization therapy is related to the extent of left ventricular reverse remodeling at midterm follow-up","volume":"53","author":"Ypenburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015231","article-title":"Additional predictive value of both left and right ventricular ejection fractions on long-term survival in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"18","author":"Juilli\u00e8re","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3738","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.561423","article-title":"Influence of ejection fraction on cardiovascular outcomes in a broad spectrum of heart failure patients","volume":"112","author":"Solomon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.891036","article-title":"What is the lowest value of left ventricular baseline ejection fraction that predicts response to cardiac resynchronization therapy?","volume":"20","author":"Agir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.11.051","article-title":"The influence of left ventricular ejection fraction on the effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy: MADIT-CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy)","volume":"61","author":"Kutyifa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","article-title":"2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"37","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht150","article-title":"2013 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the Task Force on Cardiac Pacing and Resynchronization Therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)","volume":"34","author":"Brignole","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0018","first-page":"e154","article-title":"ACC\/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society","volume":"112","author":"Hunt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev014","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"16","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.013","article-title":"AHA\/ACCF\/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. Endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology","volume":"53","author":"Surawicz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006040368","article-title":"Modified glomerular filtration rate estimating equation for Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"17","author":"Ma","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.07.015","article-title":"Interventricular delay interval optimization in cardiac resynchronization therapy guided by echocardiography versus guided by electrocardiographic QRS interval width","volume":"102","author":"Bertini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eupc.2005.06.005","article-title":"Evaluation of left bundle branch block as a reversible cause of non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy with severe heart failure. A new concept of left ventricular dyssynchrony-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"7","author":"Blanc","year":"2005","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000326","article-title":"Impact of ejection fraction on the clinical response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Linde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq009","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronization therapy may benefit patients with left ventricular ejection fraction &gt;35%: a PROSPECT trial substudy","volume":"12","author":"Chung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.01.022","article-title":"Long-term reverse remodeling with cardiac resynchronization therapy: results of extended echocardiographic follow-up","volume":"55","author":"Verhaert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012114043578400_ehf213082-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz550","article-title":"Routinely reported ejection fraction and mortality in clinical practice: where does the nadir of risk lie?","volume":"41","author":"Wehner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["ESC Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ehf2.13082","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ehf2.13082","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/368\/65798825\/eschf_8_1_368.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/368\/65798825\/eschf_8_1_368.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T19:05:02Z","timestamp":1769022302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article\/8\/1\/368\/8369342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ehf2.13082","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-5822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-5822","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}