{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:10:23Z","timestamp":1780445423554,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1784,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]],"date-time":"2021-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HUS Akuutti"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019689","name":"Suomen Kardiologinen Seura","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010133","name":"Aarne Koskelon S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010133","name":"Aarne Koskelon S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the utility of contemporary clinical risk scores and explore the ability of two biomarkers [growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and soluble ST2 (sST2)] to improve risk prediction in elderly patients with cardiogenic shock.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients (n = 219) from the multicentre CardShock study were grouped according to age (elderly \u226575 years and younger). Characteristics, management, and outcome between the groups were compared. The ability of the CardShock risk score and the IABP-SHOCK II score to predict in-hospital mortality and the additional value of GDF-15 and sST2 to improve risk prediction in the elderly was evaluated. The elderly constituted 26% of the patients (n = 56), with a higher proportion of women (41% vs. 21%, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and more co-morbidities compared with the younger. The primary aetiology of shock in the elderly was acute coronary syndrome (84%), with high rates of percutaneous coronary intervention (87%). Compared with the younger, the elderly had higher in-hospital mortality (46% vs. 33%; P = 0.08), but 1 year post-discharge survival was excellent in both age groups (90% in the elderly vs. 88% in the younger). In the elderly, the risk prediction models demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.75 for the CardShock risk score and 0.71 for the IABP-SHOCK II score. Incorporating GDF-15 and sST2 improved discrimination for both risk scores with areas under the curve ranging from 0.78 to 0.84.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elderly patients with cardiogenic shock have higher in-hospital mortality compared with the younger, but post-discharge outcomes are similar. Contemporary risk scores proved useful for early mortality risk prediction also in the elderly, and risk stratification could be further improved with biomarkers such as GDF-15 or sST2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T02:06:36Z","timestamp":1612145196000},"page":"1398-1407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Mortality Risk Prediction in Elderly Patients with Cardiogenic Shock: Results from the CardShock Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mari","family":"Hongisto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital , PO Box 900, Helsinki, 00029 HUS 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,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Sans-Rosello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Biomedical Research Institute IIB-Sant Pau, CIBER-CV , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heli","family":"Tolppanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, University of Helsinki and Heart and Lung Centre, Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anu","family":"Kataja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital , PO Box 900, Helsinki, 00029 HUS ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni","family":"J\u00e4ntti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, University of Helsinki and Heart and Lung Centre, Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuija","family":"Sabell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, University of Helsinki and Heart and Lung Centre, Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matias Greve","family":"Lindholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital , Roskilde ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Banaszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Cardiac Therapy Clinic, National Institute of Cardiology , Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Silva Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS\u2014Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Medical Centre , Porto ,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Parissis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ER and Heart Failure Unit, Attikon University Hospital , Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Di Somma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Surgery, Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Carubelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia , Brescia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raija","family":"Jurkko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, University of Helsinki and Heart and Lung Centre, Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Masip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Department, Hospital Sant Joan Despi Mois\u00e8s Broggi, Consorci Sanitari Integral, University of Barcelona , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veli-Pekka","family":"Harjola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital , PO Box 900, Helsinki, 00029 HUS ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the CardShock Study Investigators and the GREAT Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012115075627500_ehf213224-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.260","article-title":"Clinical picture and risk prediction of short-term mortality in cardiogenic shock","volume":"17","author":"Harjola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Heart 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