{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:14:45Z","timestamp":1787984085021,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1732,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liver dysfunction is important for prognosis in heart failure (HF). Shear wave elastography (SWE), which is a novel ultrasound technique for charactering tissues, has been used in liver diseases. However, clinical implication of SWE, including dispersion slope, remains unknown in heart diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of SWE assessing liver function in the severity of HF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 316 consecutive patients with or suspected heart diseases, who were classified according to the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association stage of HF, including 37 with Stage A, 139 with Stage B, 114 with Stage C, and 26 with Stage D, and 45 normal subjects. Elasticity and dispersion slope of shear wave were assessed according to the HF stage. Elasticity and dispersion slope were not elevated in normal subjects and patients with Stage A. Elasticity was slightly increased from Stage A to Stage C and was remarkably elevated in Stage D (normal: 5.2 \u00b1 1.1 kPa, Stage A: 5.4 \u00b1 1.2 kPa, Stage B: 6.4 \u00b1 1.8 kPa, Stage C: 7.8 \u00b1 3.5 kPa, and Stage D: 17.7 \u00b1 12.7 kPa), whereas dispersion slope was gradually increased from Stage A to Stage D (normal: 9.7 \u00b1 1.7m\/s\/kHz, Stage A: 10.4 \u00b1 1.6m\/s\/kHz, Stage B: 11.7 \u00b1 2.4m\/s\/kHz, Stage C: 13.2 \u00b1 3.4m\/s\/kHz, and Stage D: 17.6 \u00b1 5.6 m\/s\/kHz). In the early HF stage, dispersion slope was elevated. In the advanced HF stage, both elasticity and dispersion slope were elevated. Liver function test abnormalities were observed only from Stage C or Stage D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dispersion slope could detect early liver damage, and the combination of elasticity and dispersion slope could clarify the progression of liver dysfunction in HF. SWE may be valuable to manage therapeutic strategies in patients with HF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T08:21:48Z","timestamp":1616574108000},"page":"1751-1758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Efficacy of Shear Wave Elastography for Assessment of Liver Function in Patients with Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7489-5703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rie","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science , 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Takaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science , 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazufumi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science , 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norihisa","family":"Toh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science , 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science , 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060785","article-title":"The importance of abnormalities of liver function tests in predicting mortality in chronic heart failure","volume":"16","author":"Batin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfn031","article-title":"Liver function abnormalities and outcome in patients with chronic heart failure: data from the Candesartan in Heart Failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM) program","volume":"11","author":"Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2009.08.002","article-title":"Abnormal liver function in relation to hemodynamic profile in heart failure patients","volume":"16","author":"van Deursen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.11.013","article-title":"2009 focused update incorporated into the ACC\/AHA 2005 guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation","volume":"53","author":"Hunt","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2000.107177","article-title":"Heart diseases affecting the liver and liver diseases affecting the heart","volume":"140","author":"Naschitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02886-2","article-title":"Type of liver dysfunction in heart failure and its relation to the severity of tricuspid regurgitation","volume":"90","author":"Lau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(98)00110-0","article-title":"Shear wave elasticity imaging: a new ultrasonic technology of medical diagnostics","volume":"24","author":"Sarvazyan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.08.018","article-title":"Quantitative viscoelasticity mapping of human liver using supersonic shear imaging: preliminary in vivo feasibility study","volume":"35","author":"Muller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12120837","article-title":"Assessment of liver viscoelasticity by using shear waves induced by ultrasound radiation force","volume":"266","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1739480","article-title":"Quantifying elasticity and viscosity from measurement of shear wave speed dispersion","volume":"115","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019190064","article-title":"Shear-wave dispersion slope from US shear-wave elastography: detection of allograft damage after liver transplantation","volume":"293","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020192665","article-title":"The role of multiparametric US of the liver for the evaluation of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"296","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25936","article-title":"Accuracy of real-time shear wave elastography for assessing liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: a pilot study","volume":"56","author":"Ferraioli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23312","article-title":"Diagnosis of fibrosis and cirrhosis using liver stiffness measurement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.10.019","article-title":"Shear wave dispersion measures liver steatosis","volume":"38","author":"Barry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.10.016","article-title":"Mouse liver dispersion for the diagnosis of early-stage fatty liver disease: a 70-sample study","volume":"40","author":"Barry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.05.008","article-title":"Visoelasticity measurement in rat livers using shear-wave US elastography","volume":"44","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2017.10.022","article-title":"Liver stiffness reflecting right-sided filling pressure can predict adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure","volume":"12","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs332","article-title":"Liver function abnormalities, clinical profile, and outcome in acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"34","author":"Nikolaou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0020","first-page":"e240","article-title":"2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"128","author":"Yancy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.19031","article-title":"Clinical utilization of shear wave dispersion imaging in diffuse liver disease","volume":"39","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasonography"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1987.00370070041006","article-title":"Liver function abnormalities in chronic heart failure: influence of systemic hemodynamics","volume":"147","author":"Kubo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E122","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12476","article-title":"Utility of real-time shear wave elastography for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection without cirrhosis: comparison of liver fibrosis indices","volume":"45","author":"Tada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.07.005","article-title":"Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP): a novel VCTE\u2122 guided ultrasonic attenuation measurement for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis: preliminary study and validation in a cohort of patients with chronic liver disease from various causes","volume":"36","author":"Sasso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.10.018","article-title":"Usefulness of transient elastography for noninvasive and reliable estimation of right-sided filling pressure in heart failure","volume":"113","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfs044","article-title":"Impact of heart failure and changes to volume status on liver stiffness: non-invasive assessment using transient elastography","volume":"14","author":"Hopper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-17-1344","article-title":"Prognostic relevance of liver stiffness assessed by transient elastography in patients with acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"82","author":"Saito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.11.018","article-title":"Liver stiffness is directly influenced by central venous pressure","volume":"52","author":"Millonig","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26631","article-title":"Increased hepatic stiffness as consequence of high hepatic afterload in the Fontan circulation: a vascular Doppler and elastography study","volume":"59","author":"Kutty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-14-0929","article-title":"Novel method of evaluating liver stiffness using transient elastography to evaluate perioperative status in severe heart failure","volume":"79","author":"Nishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.09.039","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with Fontan circulation using transient elastography and biochemical fibrosis markers","volume":"135","author":"Friedrich-Rust","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.666818","article-title":"Prevalence and prognostic significant of heart failure stages: application of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association heart failure staging criteria in the community","volume":"115","author":"Ammar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026012114024613900_ehf213318-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.600437","article-title":"Stage B heart failure: management of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction","volume":"113","author":"Goldberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["ESC Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ehf2.13318","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ehf2.13318","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article-pdf\/8\/3\/1751\/65797983\/eschf_8_3_1751.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article-pdf\/8\/3\/1751\/65797983\/eschf_8_3_1751.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T19:02:55Z","timestamp":1769022175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article\/8\/3\/1751\/8363458"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ehf2.13318","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-5822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-5822","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}