{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:55:55Z","timestamp":1791406555391,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1470,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"7th Framework Programme Collaborative Project","award":["HEALTH-F2-2011-278913"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEALTH-F2-2011-278913"]}]},{"name":"7th Framework Programme Collaborative Project","award":["HEALTH-F4-2007-201413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEALTH-F4-2007-201413"]}]},{"name":"7th Framework Programme Collaborative Project","award":["HEALTH-F3-2010-242244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEALTH-F3-2010-242244"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005633","name":"Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014386","name":"Abbott Diagnostics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"German Center of Cardiovascular Research","award":["81Z1710101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81Z1710101"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80983"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["825903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["847770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["847770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011104","name":"Fifth Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QLG2-CT-2002-01254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QLG2-CT-2002-01254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MORGAM","award":["BMH4-CT98-3183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMH4-CT98-3183"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005633","name":"Syd\u00e4ntutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014386","name":"Abbott Diagnostics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80983"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["825903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["847770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["847770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011104","name":"Fifth Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QLG2\u2010CT\u20102002\u201001254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QLG2\u2010CT\u20102002\u201001254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a complicated relationship with the heart, leading to many adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between CKD and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) along with mortality as a competing risk in general population cohorts. We also included an assessment of baseline biomarkers of inflammation, myocardial injury, and left ventricular dysfunction with risk of AF and HF, respectively, to shed light on the potential underlying pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted within the BiomarCaRE project using harmonized data from 12 European population-based cohorts (n = 48 518 participants). Renal function was assessed by glomerular filtration rate estimated using the combined Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation with standardized serum creatinine (Cr) and non-standardized serum cystatin C (CysC). Incidence of AF and HF respectively, during a median follow-up of 8 years was recorded. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) for the incidence of AF and HF in CKD and the competing risk of mortality after adjustment for covariates. The mean age at baseline was 51.4 (standard deviation 12.1) years, 49% were men. Overall, 4.3% of subjects had CKD at baseline. The rate for AF was 3.8 per 1000 person-years during follow-up. The HR for AF in patients with CKD compared with patients without CKD was 1.28 (95% confidence interval 1.07\u20131.54) after adjustment for covariates. The rate for incident HF was 4.1 per 1000 person-years and the HR of CKD for HF was 1.71 (95% confidence interval 1.45\u20132.01. In subjects with CKD, N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) showed an association with AF, whereas NT-proBNP and C-reactive protein were associated with HF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease is an independent risk factor for subsequent AF and is even more closely associated with HF. In these relatively young participants with CKD, NT-proBNP was strongly associated with subsequent risk of AF. For HF, in addition, elevated levels of hs-C-reactive protein at baseline were related to incident events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T07:13:42Z","timestamp":1637910822000},"page":"57-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure in General Population-Based Cohorts: The BiomarCaRE Project"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Rehm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University , Helmholtzstr. 22, Ulm, D-89081 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3563-2791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dietrich","family":"Rothenbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University , Helmholtzstr. 22, Ulm, D-89081 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Licia","family":"Iacoviello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed , Pozzilli ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED). Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria , Varese ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Costanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed , Pozzilli ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh","family":"Tunstall-Pedoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee , Dundee ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Fitton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Dundee University , Dundee ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"S\u00f6derberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University , Ume\u00e5 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Hultdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Ume\u00e5 University , Ume\u00e5 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veikko","family":"Salomaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Jousilahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarja","family":"Palosaari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Kuulasmaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Waldeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate B.","family":"Schnabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Blankenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University , Helmholtzstr. 22, Ulm, D-89081 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Deutsches Herzzentrum M\u00fcnchen, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen , Munich ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance , Munich ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"BiomarCaRE Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"395","author":"Bikbov","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet."},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01776-7","article-title":"Contribution of cystatin C- and creatinine-based definitions of chronic kidney disease to cardiovascular risk assessment in 20 population-based and 3 disease cohorts: The BiomarCaRE project","volume":"18","author":"Rothenbacher","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0003","first-page":"251","article-title":"Cardiorenal syndrome: Pathophysiology","volume":"37","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0004","article-title":"Trends in excess mortality associated with atrial fibrillation over 45 years (Framingham Heart Study): community based cohort study","volume":"370","author":"Vinter","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0005","article-title":"Cardiac remodeling in chronic kidney disease","volume":"12","author":"Kaesler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins Multidisc"},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9952-x","article-title":"BiomarCaRE: Rationale and design of the european BiomarCaRE project including 300,000 participants from 13 european countries","volume":"29","author":"Zeller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh327","article-title":"MORGAM (an international pooling of cardiovascular cohorts)","volume":"34","author":"Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0008","volume-title":"MORGAM Project e-publications","author":"Kulathinal"},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0009","volume-title":"Description and quality assessment of MORGAM data","author":"Niemel\u00e4","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.05.019","article-title":"Expressing the CKD-EPI (Chronic kidney disease epidemiology Collaboration) cystatin C equations for estimating GFR with standardized serum cystatin C values","volume":"58","author":"Inker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002329","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation, stroke risk, and warfarin therapy revisited","volume":"44","author":"Bj\u00f6rck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001486","article-title":"Prospective national study of the prevalence, incidence, management and outcome of a large contemporary cohort of patients with incident non-valvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"4","author":"Haim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028981","article-title":"Sex differences and similarities in atrial fibrillation epidemiology, risk factors, and mortality in Community cohorts","volume":"136","author":"Magnussen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","article-title":"2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the european Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the heart failure association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"37","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015218","article-title":"Comparison of cardiovascular risk factors in european population cohorts for predicting atrial fibrillation and heart failure, their subsequent onset, and death","volume":"9","author":"Schrage","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.113","article-title":"Heart failure and kidney dysfunction: Epidemiology, mechanisms and management","volume":"12","author":"Schefold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2016.254748","article-title":"Interpreting cardiac biomarkers in the setting of chronic kidney disease","volume":"63","author":"deFilippi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC","volume":"42","author":"Hindricks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012114182900300_ehf213699-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1214234","article-title":"Cystatin C versus creatinine in determining risk based on kidney function","volume":"369","author":"Shlipak","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["ESC Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ehf2.13699","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ehf2.13699","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article-pdf\/9\/1\/57\/65375205\/eschf_9_1_57.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article-pdf\/9\/1\/57\/65375205\/eschf_9_1_57.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T19:21:47Z","timestamp":1769023307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article\/9\/1\/57\/8326358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ehf2.13699","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-5822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-5822","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}