{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T16:28:17Z","timestamp":1790440097966,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":258,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1480,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Major changes have occurred in these last years in heart failure (HF) management. Landmark trials and the 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of HF have established four classes of drugs for treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, namely, dapagliflozin or empagliflozin. These drugs consistently showed benefits on mortality, HF hospitalizations, and quality of life. Correction of iron deficiency is indicated to improve symptoms and reduce HF hospitalizations. AFFIRM-AHF showed 26% reduction in total HF hospitalizations with ferric carboxymaltose vs. placebo in patients hospitalized for acute HF (P = 0.013). The guanylate cyclase activator vericiguat and the myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil improved outcomes in randomized placebo-controlled trials, and vericiguat is now approved for clinical practice. Treatment of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was a major unmet clinical need until this year when the results of EMPEROR-Preserved (EMPagliflozin outcomE tRial in Patients With chrOnic HFpEF) were issued. Compared with placebo, empagliflozin reduced by 21% (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 0.90; P &amp;lt; 0.001), the primary outcome of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization. Advances in the treatment of specific phenotypes of HF, including atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, cardiac amyloidosis, and cancer-related HF, also occurred. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic still plays a major role in HF epidemiology and management. All these aspects are highlighted in this review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T02:29:23Z","timestamp":1639708163000},"page":"4370-4393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A Year in Heart Failure: An Update of Recent Findings"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Stretti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, Civil Hospitals; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia , Brescia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dauphine","family":"Zippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, Civil Hospitals; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia , Brescia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.S.","family":"Coats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warwick , Coventry ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus S.","family":"Anker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology (CBF), Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"von Haehling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of G\u00f6ttingen Medical Center , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Metra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, Civil Hospitals; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia , Brescia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Tomasoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, Civil Hospitals; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia , Brescia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012114201600800_ehf213760-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026012114201600800_ehf213760-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1858","article-title":"Epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Groenewegen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012114201600800_ehf213760-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1594","article-title":"Survival of patients with chronic heart failure in the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012114201600800_ehf213760-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13124","article-title":"Heart failure in the last year: progress and perspective","volume":"7","author":"Tomasoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"ESC Heart Failure"},{"key":"2026012114201600800_ehf213760-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2143","article-title":"The Heart Failure Association Atlas: heart failure epidemiology and management statistics 2019","volume":"23","author":"Seferovi\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012114201600800_ehf213760-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32520-5","article-title":"Temporal trends and patterns in heart failure incidence: a population-based study of 4 million individuals","volume":"391","author":"Conrad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026012114201600800_ehf213760-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1645","article-title":"Sex- and age-related differences in the management and outcomes of chronic heart failure: an analysis of patients from the ESC HFA EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry","volume":"22","author":"Lain\u0161\u010dak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012114201600800_ehf213760-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1629","article-title":"Prevalence of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in China: the China Hypertension Survey, 2012\u20132015","volume":"21","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012114201600800_ehf213760-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1630","article-title":"Assessing the evidence\u2013practice gap for heart failure in China: the Heart Failure Registry of Patient Outcomes (HERO) study design and baseline characteristics","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012114201600800_ehf213760-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1768","article-title":"Task Force of the HFA Atlas atEAoCl, developed in collaboration with the National Heart Failure Societies of the ESC member and ESC affiliated member countries. 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