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Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for DCM and HCM were calculated for relatives of individuals with DCM and HCM compared with relatives of individuals without DCM and HCM for reference. Total study population included 6\u2009334\u2009979 subjects and consisted of 5\u2009577\u2009449 full-siblings, 1\u2009321\u2009414 half-siblings, and 3\u2009952\u2009137 cousins. Overall, 10\u2009272 (0.16%) unique individuals were diagnosed with DCM and 3769 (0.06%) with HCM. Of these, 7716 (75.12%) and 2375 (63.01%) were males, respectively. Familial risk ORs for DCM were 5.35 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 4.85\u20135.90] for full-siblings, 2.68 (95% CI:1.86\u20133.87) for half-siblings, and 1.72 (95% CI:1.12\u20132.64) for cousins of affected individuals. The ORs for HCM were 42.44 (95% CI:37.66\u201347.82) for full-siblings, 32.70 (95% CI:21.32\u201350.15) for half-siblings, and 36.96 (95% CI:29.50\u201346.31) for cousins of affected individuals. In sex-stratified analysis, relatives of affected females were found more likely to be affected than were relatives of affected males, with stronger aggregation observed for HCM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Familial risk of HCM and DCM is high and associated with genetic resemblance, with strongest aggregations observed in relatives of affected females with HCM, whereas this association was distinctly attenuated for DCM. The finding of a Carter effect, more pronounced in HCM, suggests a multifactorial threshold model of inheritance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T07:23:23Z","timestamp":1664349803000},"page":"121-132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Familial Risk of Dilated and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A National Family Study in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Ricci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Malm\u00f6 ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, \u201cG.d'Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Fondazione Villaserena per la Ricerca , Citt\u00e0 Sant'Angelo ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behzad","family":"Banihashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Malm\u00f6 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirnabi","family":"Pirouzifard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University\/Region Sk\u00e5ne , Malm\u00f6 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Sundquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University\/Region Sk\u00e5ne , Malm\u00f6 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Sundquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University\/Region Sk\u00e5ne , Malm\u00f6 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