{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:41:04Z","timestamp":1791319264394,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":449,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cardiac remodelling is a key determinant of worse cardiovascular outcome in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). It affects both the left ventricle (LV) structure and function as well as the left atrium (LA) and the right ventricle (RV). Guideline recommended medical therapy for HF, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors\/angiotensin receptors II blockers\/angiotensin receptor blocker-neprilysin inhibitors (ACE-I\/ARB\/ARNI), beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) and sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), have shown to improve morbidity and mortality in patients with HFrEF. By targeting multiple pathophysiological pathways, foundational HF therapies are supposed to drive their beneficial clinical effects by a direct myocardial effect. Simultaneous initiation of guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) through a synergistic effect promotes a \u2018reverse remodelling\u2019, leading to a full or partial recovered structure and function by enhancing systemic neurohumoral regulation and energy metabolism, reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis, lowering oxidative stress and inflammation and adverse extracellular matrix deposition. The aim of this review is to describe how these classes of drugs can drive reverse remodelling in the LV, LA and RV and improve prognosis in patients with HFrEF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T01:39:47Z","timestamp":1732671587000},"page":"1029-1044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Cardiac Remodelling in the Era of the Recommended Four Pillars Heart Failure Medical Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Giada","family":"Colombo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia , Brescia ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano di Niguarda , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor","family":"Biering-Sorensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao P.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, University of Porto , Porto ,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo Mario","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia , Brescia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano di Niguarda , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Garascia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano di Niguarda , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Metra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia , Brescia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo M.","family":"Inciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia , Brescia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad195","article-title":"2023 focused update of the 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"44","author":"McDonagh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00630-0","article-title":"Cardiac remodeling--concepts and clinical implications: a consensus paper from an international forum on cardiac remodeling. On behalf of an international forum on cardiac remodeling","volume":"35","author":"Cohn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00589-7","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction: a report from the studies of left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"27","author":"Torre-Amione","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.139","article-title":"Reverse remodelling and myocardial recovery in heart failure","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Left ventricular reverse remodeling in heart failure: remission to recovery","author":"Boulet","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07739-w"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.14.1382","article-title":"Pathophysiologically relevant concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha promote progressive left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in rats","volume":"97","author":"Bozkurt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0008","first-page":"VI17","article-title":"Prognostic significance of serial changes in left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"87","author":"Cintron","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105573","article-title":"Combination pharmacotherapies for cardiac reverse remodeling in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"169","author":"Bao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.058929","article-title":"Estimating the benefits of combination medical therapy in heart failure with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction","volume":"145","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1234","article-title":"Incremental benefit of drug therapies for chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a network meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Komajda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003529","article-title":"Thirty years of evidence on the efficacy of drug treatments for chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a network meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Burnett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1898","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00740.2006","article-title":"Cardiac dilatation and pump dysfunction without intrinsic myocardial systolic failure following chronic beta-adrenoreceptor activation","volume":"292","author":"Osadchii","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(95)00214-6","article-title":"Angiotensin II-induced myocardial fibrosis in rats: role of nitric oxide, prostaglandins and bradykinin","volume":"31","author":"Sigusch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.300376","article-title":"Cardiac metabolism in heart failure: implications beyond ATP production","volume":"113","author":"Doenst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2493","article-title":"Cardiac remodelling - part 1: from cells and tissues to circulating biomarkers. A review from the study group on biomarkers of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"24","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.10.2573","article-title":"Effect of long-term enalapril on cardiac structure and function in patients with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"91","author":"Greenberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2000.105302","article-title":"Effects of losartan and captopril on left ventricular volumes in elderly patients with heart failure: results of the ELITE ventricular function substudy","volume":"139","author":"Konstam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3411","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.508093","article-title":"Changes in ventricular size and function in patients treated with valsartan, captopril, or both after myocardial infarction","volume":"111","author":"Solomon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2011.41.2.61","article-title":"Effect of valsartan on N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in patient with stable chronic heart failure: comparison with enalapril","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean Circ J"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061693","article-title":"Association between sacubitril\/valsartan initiation and mitral regurgitation severity in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the PROVE-HF study","volume":"146","author":"Januzzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012272","article-title":"Effects of the angiotensin-receptor neprilysin inhibitor on cardiac reverse remodeling: meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.12843","article-title":"Effect of sacubitril-valsartan vs enalapril on aortic stiffness in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"322","author":"Desai","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.12821","article-title":"Association of change in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide following initiation of sacubitril-valsartan treatment with cardiac structure and function in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"322","author":"Januzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037077","article-title":"Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor for functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"139","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.03.019","article-title":"Reverse remodeling assessed by left atrial and ventricular strain reflects treatment response to sacubitril\/valsartan","volume":"15","author":"Moon","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059210","article-title":"Impact of sacubitril\/valsartan compared with ramipril on cardiac structure and function after acute myocardial infarction: the PARADISE-MI echocardiographic substudy","volume":"146","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-023-02306-0","article-title":"Effect of sacubitril\/valsartan on cardiac remodeling compared with other renin-angiotensin system inhibitors: a difference-in-difference analysis of propensity-score matched samples","volume":"113","author":"Carluccio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2807","article-title":"Carvedilol produces dose-related improvements in left ventricular function and survival in subjects with chronic heart failure. MOCHA Investigators","volume":"94","author":"Bristow","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2800","article-title":"Carvedilol inhibits clinical progression in patients with mild symptoms of heart failure","volume":"94","author":"Colucci","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)80008-6","article-title":"Randomised, placebo-controlled trial of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease. Australia\/New Zealand heart failure research collaborative group","volume":"349","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CARD.0000025756.32499.6f","article-title":"The benefits of early combination treatment of carvedilol and an ACE-inhibitor in mild heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The carvedilol and ACE-inhibitor remodelling mild heart failure evaluation trial (CARMEN)","volume":"18","author":"Remme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9164(97)90013-0","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of carvedilol in severe heart failure. The U.S. carvedilol heart failure study group","volume":"3","author":"Cohn","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(00)00078-7","article-title":"MIC trial: metoprolol in patients with mild to moderate heart failure: effects on ventricular function and cardiopulmonary exercise testing","volume":"2","author":"Genth-Zotz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00543-Y","article-title":"Time course of improvement in left ventricular function, mass and geometry in patients with congestive heart failure treated with beta-adrenergic blockage","volume":"25","author":"Hall","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.5.546","article-title":"Differential effects of beta-blockers in patients with heart failure: a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of the long-term effects of metoprolol versus carvedilol","volume":"102","author":"Metra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00012-0","article-title":"Left ventricular remodeling with carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic disease","volume":"29","author":"Doughty","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.7.2197","article-title":"Prognostic value of bisoprolol-induced hemodynamic effects in heart failure during the cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study","volume":"96","author":"Lechat","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.03.062","article-title":"Aldosterone receptor antagonism induces reverse remodeling when added to angiotensin receptor blockade in chronic heart failure","volume":"50","author":"Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.06.052","article-title":"Effect of spironolactone on left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes in patients with class I or II heart failure","volume":"106","author":"Vizzardi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01965-4","article-title":"Long-term, dose-dependent effects of spironolactone on left ventricular function and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"40","author":"Cicoira","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(03)00251-7","article-title":"Aldosterone receptor blockade improves left ventricular remodeling and increases ventricular fibrillation threshold in experimental heart failure","volume":"58","author":"Cittadini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfn015","article-title":"Anti-remodelling effect of canrenone in patients with mild chronic heart failure: final results","volume":"11","author":"Boccanelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0775-z","article-title":"Impact of dapagliflozin on left ventricular diastolic function of patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus with chronic heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Soga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052186","article-title":"Effect of empagliflozin on left ventricular volumes in patients with type 2 diabetes, or prediabetes, and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"143","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042375","article-title":"Effect of empagliflozin on left ventricular mass in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 randomized clinical trial","volume":"140","author":"Verma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.008","article-title":"Randomized trial of empagliflozin in nondiabetic patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"77","author":"Santos-Gallego","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.6827","article-title":"Associations of empagliflozin with left ventricular volumes, mass, and function in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a substudy of the empire HF randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Omar","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2884","article-title":"Impact of dapagliflozin on cardiac remodelling in patients with chronic heart failure: the DAPA-MODA study","volume":"25","author":"Pascual-Figal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3335","article-title":"The effects of canagliflozin compared to sitagliptin on cardiorespiratory fitness in type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the CANA-HF study","volume":"36","author":"Carbone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2019.06.004","article-title":"Imaging, biomarker, and clinical predictors of cardiac remodeling in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"7","author":"Aimo","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3264","article-title":"Mechanisms of myocardial reverse remodelling and its clinical significance: a scientific statement of the ESC working group on myocardial function","volume":"26","author":"Falc\u00e3o-Pires","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0053","first-page":"468","article-title":"Soluble ST2 in heart failure: a clinical role beyond B-type natriuretic peptide","volume":"10","author":"Riccardi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Dev Dis"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13462","article-title":"The prognostic value of serial troponin measurements in patients admitted for COVID-19","volume":"8","author":"Nuzzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.5935\/abc.20150025","article-title":"Reverse cardiac remodeling: a marker of better prognosis in heart failure","volume":"104","author":"Reis Filho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250502","article-title":"A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure","volume":"325","author":"Cohn","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250501","article-title":"The effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and congestive heart failure","volume":"325","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520420066040","article-title":"Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure: collaborative group on ACE-inhibitor trials","volume":"273","author":"Garg","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0059","first-page":"16S","article-title":"Il ruolo degli ACE-inibitori nell'insufficienza cardiaca","author":"Dess\u00ec-Fulgheri","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Ital Med Int"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706043162301","article-title":"Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study","volume":"316","author":"Trial Study Group","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.2.431","article-title":"Effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on the long-term progression of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with heart failure","volume":"86","author":"Konstam","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0062","first-page":"253","article-title":"Treatment of patients with symptomless left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction","volume":"1","author":"Sharpe","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2000.108832","article-title":"Valsartan in acute myocardial infarction trial: rationale and design","volume":"140","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.115","article-title":"Baseline characteristics and treatment of patients in prospective comparison of ARNI with ACEI to determine impact on global mortality and morbidity in heart failure trial","volume":"16","author":"McMurray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12659","article-title":"Sacubitril\/valsartan in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction with end-stage of renal disease","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0066","first-page":"225","article-title":"Early left ventricular reverse remodeling after sacubitril\/valsartan treatment in clinical practice","volume":"20","author":"Groba-Marco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0067","first-page":"296","article-title":"Early reverse remodeling and improvement of echo parameters after introduction of sacubitril\/valsartan in 80 stable and well treated HFrEF patients","volume":"19","author":"Maurin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.799","article-title":"Neprilysin inhibition in heart failure: mechanisms and substrates beyond modulating natriuretic peptides","volume":"19","author":"D'Elia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2020.09.013","article-title":"Atrial natriuretic peptide and treatment with sacubitril\/valsartan in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"9","author":"Murphy","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0070","first-page":"108","article-title":"Ejection fraction improvement and reverse remodeling achieved with sacubitril\/valsartan in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients","volume":"7","author":"Almufleh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0071","article-title":"Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition further reverses cardiac remodeling as compared to angiotensin inhibition in reduced heart failure patients","volume":"20","author":"De Diego","year":"2018","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92930-R","article-title":"Beneficial effects of metoprolol in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Metoprolol in dilated cardiomyopathy trial study group","volume":"342","author":"Waagstein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605233342101","article-title":"The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"334","author":"Packer","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04440-2","article-title":"Effect of metoprolol CR\/XL in chronic heart failure: metoprolol CR\/XL randomized intervention trial in congestive heart failure","volume":"353","author":"MERIT-HF Study Group","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.4.1765","article-title":"A randomized trial of beta-blockade in heart failure: the cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study","volume":"90","author":"CIBIS Investigators and Committee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11181-9","article-title":"The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II: a randomized trial","volume":"353","author":"CIBIS Investigators and Committee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.9.2285","article-title":"Medical therapy can improve the biological properties of the chronically failing heart. A new era in the treatment of heart failure","volume":"94","author":"Eichhorn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.500546","article-title":"Mechanisms and models in heart failure: the biomechanical model and beyond","volume":"111","author":"Mann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-8703(00)90096-6","article-title":"A rationale for the use of beta-blockers as standard treatment for heart failure","volume":"139","author":"Metra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012630","article-title":"Myocardial gene expression in dilated cardiomyopathy treated with beta-blocking agents","volume":"346","author":"Lowes","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2003.105","article-title":"Marked improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction during long-term beta-blockade in patients with chronic heart failure: clinical correlates and prognostic significance","volume":"145","author":"Metra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90174-0","article-title":"Effects of short- and long-term carvedilol administration on rest and exercise hemodynamic variables, exercise capacity and clinical conditions in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"24","author":"Metra","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00059-4","article-title":"Effects of carvedilol on left ventricular mass, chamber geometry, and mitral regurgitation in chronic heart failure","volume":"83","author":"Lowes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.015552","article-title":"Effects of carvedilol on left ventricular remodelling in chronic stable heart failure: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study","volume":"90","author":"Bellenger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fjc.0000159880.12067.34","article-title":"Left ventricular diastolic function improvement by carvedilol therapy in advanced heart failure","volume":"45","author":"Palazzuoli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","article-title":"The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized aldactone evaluation study Investigators","volume":"341","author":"Pitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.04.038","article-title":"Eplerenone reduces mortality 30 days after randomization following acute myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure","volume":"46","author":"Pitt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1159\/000168356","article-title":"Aldosterone in congestive heart failure: analysis of determinants and role in sodium retention","volume":"11","author":"Hensen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(82)90441-6","article-title":"Catecholamine-mediated constrictor effects of aldosterone on vascular smooth muscle","volume":"30","author":"Weber","year":"1982","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01116-0","article-title":"Effect of spironolactone on plasma brain natriuretic peptide and left ventricular remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"37","author":"Tsutamoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00796-8","article-title":"Spironolactone inhibits the transcardiac extraction of aldosterone in patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"36","author":"Tsutamoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80686-9","article-title":"Measuring extracellular matrix turnover in the serum of patients with idiopathic or ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and impact on diagnosis and prognosis","volume":"75","author":"Klappacher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.26.6.971","article-title":"Biological determinants of aldosterone-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats","volume":"26","author":"Robert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.03.001","article-title":"Additive amelioration of left ventricular remodeling and molecular alterations by combined aldosterone and angiotensin receptor blockade after myocardial infarction","volume":"67","author":"Fraccarollo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042069","article-title":"Cardioprotective effects of a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, esaxerenone, in dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats","volume":"22","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.05.003","article-title":"Additive improvement of left ventricular remodeling and neurohormonal activation by aldosterone receptor blockade with eplerenone and ACE inhibition in rats with myocardial infarction","volume":"42","author":"Fraccarollo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911303","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"381","author":"McMurray","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31824-9","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-reduced and DAPA-HF trials","volume":"396","author":"Zannad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01946-w","article-title":"Lack of durable natriuresis and objective decongestion following SGLT2 inhibition in randomized controlled trials of patients with heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Packer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4670-7","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors and mechanisms of cardiovascular benefit: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"61","author":"Verma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.011","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of drug or device effects on ventricular remodeling as predictors of therapeutic effects on mortality in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analytic approach","volume":"56","author":"Kramer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.07.042","article-title":"Empagliflozin ameliorates diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular fibrosis\/stiffness in nondiabetic heart failure","volume":"14","author":"Santos-Gallego","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol Img"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1473","article-title":"Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin improves cardiac function in non-diabetic rats with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction","volume":"21","author":"Yurista","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2021.04.014","article-title":"Mechanistic insights of empagliflozin in nondiabetic patients with HFrEF: from the EMPA-TROPISM study","volume":"9","author":"Requena-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.031","article-title":"Mechanisms of cardiorenal effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"75","author":"Zelniker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-2187","article-title":"Dapagliflozin versus placebo on left ventricular remodeling in patients with diabetes and heart failure: the REFORM trial","volume":"43","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01970-w","article-title":"Left ventricular remodeling response to SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies","volume":"22","author":"Carluccio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2019.05.005","article-title":"Atrial myopathy","volume":"4","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.11.003","article-title":"Left atrial reverse remodeling: mechanisms, evaluation, and clinical significance","volume":"10","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew082","article-title":"Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"17","author":"Nagueh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2562","article-title":"Left atrial disease and left atrial reverse remodelling across different stages of heart failure development and progression: a new target for prevention and treatment","volume":"24","author":"Inciardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000000886","article-title":"Left atrium: a forgotten biomarker and a potential target in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"20","author":"Inciardi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.03.041","article-title":"Prognosis and risk stratification of patients with advanced heart failure","volume":"124","author":"Cameli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi478","article-title":"Spironolactone reduces fibrosis of dilated atria during heart failure in rats with myocardial infarction","volume":"26","author":"Milliez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.08.021","article-title":"Natural history of markers of collagen turnover in patients with early diastolic dysfunction and impact of eplerenone","volume":"54","author":"Mak","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv382","article-title":"Atrial reverse remodelling is associated with outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"18","author":"Kloosterman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2593","article-title":"Clinical implications of left atrial changes after optimization of medical therapy in patients with heart failure","volume":"24","author":"Inciardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn499","article-title":"Left atrial remodelling in patients with myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both: the VALIANT Echo study","volume":"30","author":"Meris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00243-2","article-title":"Enalapril effects on atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation in experimental congestive HF","volume":"54","author":"Shi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00464-9","article-title":"Effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist on electrical and structural remodeling in atrial fibrillation","volume":"41","author":"Kumagai","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-005-0571-2","article-title":"ACE-inhibitor treatment attenuates atrial structural remodeling in patients with lone chronic atrial fibrillation","volume":"101","author":"Boldt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.01.046","article-title":"Left atrium remodeling after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"93","author":"Popescu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.11.063","article-title":"Eplerenone and atrial fibrillation in mild systolic heart failure: results from the EMPHASIS-HF (Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization And SurvIval Study in Heart Failure) study","volume":"59","author":"Swedberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00511-N","article-title":"Preserved right ventricular ejection fraction predicts exercise capacity and survival in advanced heart failure","volume":"25","author":"Di Salvo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2005.02.004","article-title":"Prognostic importance of various echocardiographic right ventricular functional parameters in patients with symptomatic heart failure","volume":"18","author":"Meluzin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960220804","article-title":"Different prognostic significance of right and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035326","article-title":"Right ventricular fibrosis","volume":"139","author":"Andersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.05.010","article-title":"Right ventricular function and pulmonary coupling in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction","volume":"82","author":"Inciardi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115659","article-title":"Beta-adrenergic neuroeffector abnormalities in the failing human heart are produced by local rather than systemic mechanisms","volume":"89","author":"Bristow","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2207410","article-title":"Right ventricular failure","volume":"388","author":"Houston","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0131","article-title":"Sacubitril\/valsartan improves right ventricular function in a real-life population of patients with chronic heart failure: the Daunia heart failure registry","volume":"25","author":"Correale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.005819","article-title":"Treatment of pulmonary hypertension with angiotensin II receptor blocker and neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril\/valsartan","volume":"12","author":"Clements","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11101845","article-title":"Cardiac reverse remodelling by 2D and 3D echocardiography in heart failure patients treated with sacubitril\/valsartan","volume":"11","author":"Mantegazza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14813","article-title":"Impact of \u03b2-blocker therapy on right ventricular function in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction a prospective evaluation","volume":"37","author":"Galves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.964494","article-title":"Bisoprolol delays progression towards right heart failure in experimental pulmonary hypertension","volume":"5","author":"De Man","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.07.166","article-title":"Effects of carvedilol on right ventricular ejection fraction and cytokines levels in patients with systolic heart failure","volume":"125","author":"Tatli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052503","article-title":"Empagliflozin effects on pulmonary artery pressure in patients with heart failure: results from the EMBRACE-HF trial","volume":"143","author":"Nassif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.06.065","article-title":"Effects of combined angiotensin II receptor antagonism and neprilysin inhibition in experimental pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure","volume":"15","author":"Andersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.07.026","article-title":"Right ventricular ejection fraction and beta-blocker effect in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"28","author":"Lam","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1933","article-title":"Effects of danicamtiv, a novel cardiac myosin activator, in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: experimental data and clinical results from a phase 2a trial","volume":"22","author":"Voors","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2021.07.012","article-title":"Translation of new and emerging therapies for genetic cardiomyopathies","volume":"7","author":"Helms","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328349c62d","article-title":"CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells suppress cardiac fibrosis in the hypertensive heart","volume":"29","author":"Kanellakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2026021803573803800_ehf215095-bib-0143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002097","article-title":"Cardiac AAV9-S100A1 gene therapy rescues post-ischemic heart failure in a preclinical large animal model","volume":"3","author":"Pleger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"}],"container-title":["ESC Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article-pdf\/12\/2\/1029\/66952874\/eschf_12_2_1029.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article-pdf\/12\/2\/1029\/66952874\/eschf_12_2_1029.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T08:57:48Z","timestamp":1771405068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eschf\/article\/12\/2\/1029\/8487943"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"references-count":143,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ehf2.15095","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-5822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-5822","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}