{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:40:10Z","timestamp":1786977610252,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":369,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wenzhou Science Technology Bureau Foundation","award":["2022Y0726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Y0726"]}]},{"name":"Wenzhou Science Technology Bureau Foundation","award":["Y20210036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y20210036"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is conflicting evidence regarding whether heart failure (HF) increases the risk of developing cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the association between HF and incident cancer, considering gender differences and HF phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study was conducted on data of adult individuals, free of cancer at baseline, from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2009 and February 2023. The patients with HF were categorized as HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The primary outcome was incident cancer, including obesity-related, tobacco-related, lung, colorectal and breast cancers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 33 033 individuals enrolled, 16 722 were diagnosed with HF, including 10 086 (60.3%) with HFpEF and 6636 (39.7%) with HFrEF. During a median follow-up period of 4.6 years (inter-quartile range: 2.6\u20137.3), incident cancer was diagnosed in 10.5% (1707 patients) of the non-HF group and 15.1% (2533 individuals) of the HF group. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, patients with HF had a 58% increased risk of cancer than those without HF [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48\u20131.69, P &amp;lt; 0.001]. This risk was consistent across genders (female: adjusted HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.74\u20132.18, P &amp;lt; 0.001; male: adjusted HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.30\u20131.54, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and HF phenotypes (HFpEF: adjusted HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.57\u20131.81, P &amp;lt; 0.001; HFrEF: adjusted HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.20\u20131.46, P &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both HFpEF and HFrEF are associated with an increased risk of incident cancer. This correlation maintains its validity across genders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:23:58Z","timestamp":1727915038000},"page":"497-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gender-Specific Risks for Incident Cancer in Patients with Different Heart Failure Phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qin-Fen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Care Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos S.","family":"Katsouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Ioannina Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina , Ioannina ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Medical University Renji College , Wenzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqian","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingdan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Hong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Care Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8534-0818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Dong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012113055911700_ehf215097-bib-0001","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2022","volume":"72","author":"Siegel","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2026012113055911700_ehf215097-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1858","article-title":"Epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Groenewegen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026012113055911700_ehf215097-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30456-5","article-title":"Progress in cancer survival, mortality, and incidence in seven high-income countries 1995\u20132014 (ICBP SURVMARK-2): a population-based study","volume":"20","author":"Arnold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2026012113055911700_ehf215097-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2029","article-title":"Common mechanistic pathways in cancer and heart failure. 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