{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:34:08Z","timestamp":1793133248415,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":354,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding of China","award":["2022-GSP-TS-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-GSP-TS-8"]}]},{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2022-GSP-GG-29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-GSP-GG-29"]}]},{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2023-GSP-QN-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-GSP-QN-14"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2023-I2M-1-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-I2M-1-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic low-grade inflammation, often observed in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), promotes adverse ventricular remodelling. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammatory markers and myocardial fibrosis (MF) in patients with HCM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 102 patients with complete baseline data who underwent septal myectomy. Myocardial samples were stained with Masson\u2019s trichrome and analysed to determine myocardial collagen content and MF levels. Plasma levels of inflammatory markers were measured using standard laboratory procedures. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between the inflammatory markers and MF. Among the 102 participants included in the analysis, the mean age was 48.9 years, with 69 [67.6%] being men. The overall MF ranged from 2.5% to 40.7% (mean = 15.2 \u00b1 8.1%, median = 13.0%, IQR = 9.9%\u201318.4%). Participants were divided into two groups based on a median MF of 13%. The high MF group had a larger left atrial diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction. Levels of interleukin (IL)-2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 and interferon (IFN)-\u03b1 were significantly higher in patients with high MF compared to those with low MF (2.3 vs. 4.0 pg\/mL, 3.1 vs. 3.9 pg\/mL, 4.2 vs.4.7 pg\/mL, respectively; all P &amp;lt; 0.05). In multivariate models adjusted for age, sex and other clinical features, IL-2, IL-5 and TNF-\u03b1, were correlated with increased interstitial MF [odds ratio (OR): 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10\u20132.14; OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.98; OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04\u20131.70]. After additional adjustment for imaging indicators, IL-2 and TNF-\u03b1 remained significant (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.06\u20132.09, P = 0.021; OR:1.35, 95% CI: 1.01\u20131.80, P = 0.044). The correlation analysis between inflammation and replacement fibrosis assessed by CMR in 97 patients revealed that 72 (74.2%) showed late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). No significant correlation was found between inflammatory markers and the presence or extent of LGE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher levels of IL-2 and TNF-\u03b1 were associated with increased histopathological interstitial MF in patients with HCM. Given the gradual progression of MF in HCM, initiating anti-inflammatory treatment in the early stages may delay its progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T11:11:10Z","timestamp":1729163470000},"page":"582-591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Systemic Inflammation is Associated with Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients with Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xinli","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manyun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heart failure, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changpeng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changrong","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuiyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Shenzhen ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012113065367800_ehf215109-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60397-3","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"381","author":"Maron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026012113065367800_ehf215109-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.002","article-title":"Diagnosis and evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: JACC state-of-the-art 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