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We measured levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with ADHF-CS admitted to a cardiac intensive care unit (CICU).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified patients admitted to our CICU with ADHF-CS who had consented to having biospecimens stored. We identified two comparator groups of patients with HF seen as outpatients with stored biospecimens: firstly, those who had no history of decompensation and did not develop CS during follow-up after sample acquisition (stable HF), and secondly, a group of patients who developed CS during follow-up (pre-CS). All samples underwent 48-plex cytokine and white blood cell differential testing with the differences between groups analysed by comparing means.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-four ADHF-CS patients were identified who had samples obtained at a median of 2 [inter-quartile range (IQR) 0\u20137] days after CICU admission. Thirty-six pre-CS outpatients had samples taken 137 (IQR 41\u2013258) days before admission with CS, and 338 stable HF control patients were included. Cytokine profiles differed between ADHF-CS and stable HF. Patients with CS had higher pro-inflammatory cytokine levels [including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8)] and total white cell counts than stable HF patients. Analysis of the pre-CS outpatient group suggested an intermediate stage in subacute transition to CS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ADHF-CS is characterized by high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and total white count, compared with ambulatory HF. Decompensation from HF has two distinct inflammatory phases that may help identify outpatients at risk of CS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T02:55:22Z","timestamp":1739242522000},"page":"2077-2086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Heart Failure Decompensation with Cardiogenic Shock Exhibits Distinct Sequential Inflammatory Profiles"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3440-0523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darshan H.","family":"Brahmbhatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario 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,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4384-3027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather J.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Toronto General Hospital Research Institute , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3502-6986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uros","family":"Kuzmanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1109-2070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony O.","family":"Gramolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research , Toronto, Ontario 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