{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:42:27Z","timestamp":1786977747980,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":311,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7212119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7212119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7222193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7222193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82000348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital Scientific Research Development Funds","award":["RDGS2022-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDGS2022-08"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7212119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7212119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7222193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7222193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82000348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As a special type of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), apical HCM (ApHCM) has different clinical characteristics while its nature history and prognosis are not well recognized. We aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of ApHCM and identify predictors of adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single-centre retrospective study, we included 479 patients with HCM and divided them into ApHCM and non-ApHCM groups. Clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and survival data were compared between the groups. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events in hospital and during follow-up. A two-sided P-value &amp;lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 109 ApHCM patients and 370 non-ApHCM patients were analysed and 379 patients completed the follow-up among them. The age of enrolled patients was 61.0 (50.0\u201369.0) years, and 289 (60.3%) were male. Compared with non-ApHCM patients, ApHCM patients were older at diagnosis [55.0 (45.0\u201364.0) vs. 50.0 (40.0\u201361.0) years, P = 0.006] and had less positive family history for HCM [3 (2.8%) vs. 34 (9.2%), P = 0.027], more electrocardiographic abnormalities [101 (92.7%) vs. 287 (77.6%), P &amp;lt; 0.001], lower brain natriuretic peptide level [135.5 (60.8\u2013272.8) vs. 422.5 (182.8\u2013888.2) pg\/mL, P &amp;lt; 0.001] and better left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [69.00 (64.00\u201373.87) vs. 67.00 (60.24\u201373.45) %, P = 0.048] at baseline. During a median follow-up of 5.59 (2.33\u201310.30) years, the primary outcome occurred less frequently in ApHCM patients [11.4% vs 27.2%; hazard ratio (HR)adj 0.360 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.187\u20130.696), P = 0.002; log rank P = 0.001]. Specifically, ApHCM was characterized by fewer all-cause death (HRadj 0.545, 95% CI: 0.305\u20130.975; P = 0.041) and fatal ventricular arrhythmia or appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator intervention (HRadj 0.099, 95% CI: 0.013\u20130.724; P = 0.023). LVEF (HRadj 0.861, 95% CI: 0.763\u20130.971; P = 0.015) and age (HRadj 1.247, 95% CI: 1.095\u20131.419; P = 0.001) were identified as independent predictors of the composite outcome in ApHCM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with ApHCM may have better prognosis. LVEF and age were independent predictors of long-term outcomes in ApHCM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T01:10:32Z","timestamp":1744593032000},"page":"2887-2897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8959-7880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanfen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Medicine Centre Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, National Centre for Trauma Medicine , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021804143359600_ehf215298-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.045","article-title":"2020 AHA\/ACC guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"142","author":"Ommen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021804143359600_ehf215298-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.17.611","article-title":"Giant T wave inversion as a manifestation of asymmetrical apical hypertrophy (AAH) of the left ventricle. 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