{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T07:15:36Z","timestamp":1781334936720,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":290,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Currently, there is no established screening tool for cardiac amyloidosis, leading to a delay in diagnosis in the majority of patients. We aimed to develop and validate a non-invasive and easy to use tool that allows for screening of cardiac amyloidosis based on structured evaluation of three-dimensional electrocardiograms (ECGs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included patients with confirmed cardiac AL or ATTR amyloidosis and controls of patients with other cardiovascular diseases but without amyloidosis into two independent cohorts: a derivation and validation cohort. All patients received three-dimensional ECGs and vector loops were categorized based on predefined patterns by two independent cardiologists. Consecutively, an AI algorithm was trained in the derivation cohort (n = 66 amyloidosis cases, n = 89 controls). This algorithm was then applied to the validation cohort (n = 33 amyloidosis cases, n = 67 controls).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 99 patients with amyloidosis and 156 controls were included (mean age: 69 \u00b1 15 years, 79% male). In the derivation cohort, the AI algorithm reached a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 89%, a positive predictive value of 91%, and a negative predictive value of 87%. Applying the algorithm on the independent validation cohort, a sensitivity of 79%, specificity of 82%, a positive predictive value of 61%, and a negative predictive value of 92% was reached.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We here describe a novel screening tool, which allows for reliable detection of cardiac amyloidosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T23:00:03Z","timestamp":1746399603000},"page":"2993-3002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Novel Three-Dimensional ECG Algorithm for Reliable Screening for Cardiac Amyloidosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2336-7991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir A.","family":"Mahabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen , Essen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Knobeloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSOMNIA UG , Weimar ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoria","family":"Backmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen , Essen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen , Essen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus S.","family":"Anker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology (CBF), German Heart Center Charit\u00e9, University Medicine Berlin FU and HU , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Wakili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen , Essen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Rhine-Main , Frankfurt am Main ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Goethe University , Frankfurt ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Fach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kardiologie Schadowstra\u00dfe , D\u00fcsseldorf ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan D.","family":"Anker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology (CVK), German Heart Center Charit\u00e9 , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tienush","family":"Rassaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, 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