{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T01:14:05Z","timestamp":1772932445229,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":203,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Frans Van de Werf Fund for Clinical Cardiovascular Research"},{"name":"Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek\u2014Vlaanderen","award":["1832922N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1832922N"]}]},{"name":"Fund for Scientific Research Flanders"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a key intervention for patients with heart failure. The choice between a CRT with defibrillator therapy (CRT-D) and a CRT with pacemaker (CRT-P) is influenced by individual clinical characteristics. This study explores the interaction between these clinical variables and the benefit of CRT-D versus CRT-P on all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients who underwent CRT implantation in three European centres were included in a multicentre, retrospective registry. The impact of clinical variables on all-cause mortality was analysed using interaction tests within multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Significant interactions were explored to assess how patient characteristics modify the effect of CRT-D compared with CRT-P.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 2271 patients with CRT implantation were included. CRT-D was associated with a 35% reduction in all-cause mortality compared with CRT-P [hazard ratio (HR) 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53\u20130.80]. Significant interactions were observed for left bundle branch block (LBBB) morphology (P = 0.028), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, P = 0.025) and renal function (P = 0.019). The survival benefit of CRT-D was pronounced in patients with LBBB (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.44\u20130.73) but was not significant in those without LBBB (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.59\u20131.10). For LVEF at implant, CRT-D provided benefit between 17.9% and 37.6%. Similarly, CRT-D improved outcomes in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate &amp;gt;31.8 mL\/min but not in those with more advanced renal impairment. No interaction was observed with age at implant (P = 0.286).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides insights into the benefits of CRT-D over CRT-P, identifying LBBB morphology, LVEF and renal function as key covariates associated with implantable cardioverter\u2013defibrillator (ICD) therapy's benefit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:40:33Z","timestamp":1753875633000},"page":"3579-3588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Patient-Specific Modifiers of Survival Benefit in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy - A Multicentre Interaction Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bert","family":"Vandenberk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, UZ Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Brusselmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabor","family":"Voros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, UZ Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg , Genk ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Ingelaere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Betschart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens-Uwe","family":"Voigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, UZ Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Dupont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg , Genk ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Breitenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Steffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rik","family":"Willems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, UZ Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Ruschitzka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich 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