{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T17:05:52Z","timestamp":1768928752107,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intramyocardial inflammation is considered an adverse prognostic factor in inflammatory cardiomyopathy (CMi). However, the precise nature of immune system factors relevant for the prediction of long-term course remains elusive. The aim of this study was to analyse the prognostic relevance of perforin in a large cohort of patients with CMi.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated 495 consecutive patients with suspected CMi, undergoing endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs), and examined haemodynamic measurements after a long follow-up period (interquartile range 10.2\u201337.1\u2009months). In EMBs, myocardial inflammation was assessed by histology and immunohistology. At follow-up, 388 patients (Group I) showed stable mild dysfunction or significant improvement, with LVEF rising from 46.2\u2009\u00b1\u200914.8% to 64.3\u2009\u00b1\u200912.3% (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001). Lack of improvement of LV function or significant deterioration of LVEF from 42.1\u2009\u00b1\u200914.2% to 32.3\u2009\u00b1\u200911.6% (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001) was observed in 107 patients (Group II). Multivariable statistical analysis of LVEF and immunohistochemical parameters in all patients revealed that the single most important predictor of LVEF development was detection of perforin in EMBs, with an odds ratio (OR) of 7.922 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.380\u201314.326; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001] for deteriorating LVEF. Importantly, baseline LVEF (OR 0.962), LV end-diastolic diameter (OR 1.847), and other immmunohistochemical parameters (CD3, Mac-1, CD45R0, LFA-1, HLA-1, and ICAM-1) made minor or insignificant contributions to LVEF course in these 495 patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this EMB-based analysis of the long-term course of CMi we identified, for the first time, that detection of perforin in the myocardium is a key predictor of LVEF course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T04:17:00Z","timestamp":1409199420000},"page":"1066-1072","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Presence of Perforin in Endomyocardial Biopsies of Patients with Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy Predicts Poor Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Felicitas","family":"Escher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, CBF, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"K\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, CBF, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Lassner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Stroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Westermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Heart Center Hamburg , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Skurk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, CBF, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Tsch\u00f6pe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, CBF, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Poller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, CBF, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heinz-Peter","family":"Schultheiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, CBF, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011921124623600_ejhf148-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.841","article-title":"Report of the 1995 World Health Organization\/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the Definition and Classification of 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