{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T07:06:47Z","timestamp":1790406407976,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2057,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for cell entry. It has been suggested that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), which are commonly used in patients with hypertension or diabetes and may raise tissue ACE2 levels, could increase the risk of severe COVID-19 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated this hypothesis in a consecutive cohort of 1200 acute inpatients with COVID-19 at two hospitals with a multi-ethnic catchment population in London (UK). The mean age was 68\u2009\u00b1\u200917\u2009years (57% male) and 74% of patients had at least one comorbidity. Overall, 415 patients (34.6%) reached the primary endpoint of death or transfer to a critical care unit for organ support within 21\u2009days of symptom onset. A total of 399 patients (33.3%) were taking ACEi or ARB. Patients on ACEi\/ARB were significantly older and had more comorbidities. The odds ratio for the primary endpoint in patients on ACEi and ARB, after adjustment for age, sex and co-morbidities, was 0.63 (95% confidence interval 0.47\u20130.84, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no evidence for increased severity of COVID-19 in hospitalised patients on chronic treatment with ACEi or ARB. A trend towards a beneficial effect of ACEi\/ARB requires further evaluation in larger meta-analyses and randomised clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T14:55:05Z","timestamp":1591109705000},"page":"967-974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers are Not Associated with Severe COVID-19 Infection in a Multi-Site UK Acute Hospital Trust"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Bean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Health Data Research UK London, University College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeljko","family":"Kraljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Searle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Bendayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS 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King\u2019s College London , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Health Data Research UK London, University College London , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukasz","family":"Roguski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Data Research UK London, University College London , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kawsar","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Data Research UK London, University College London , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Shek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosita","family":"Zakeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King\u2019s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay 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