{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T09:31:16Z","timestamp":1774863076406,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2027,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence and hospitalizations of patients with heart failure (HF) aged &amp;lt;55\u2009years have increased in Sweden during the last decades. We aimed to compare characteristics of younger and older patients with HF, and examine survival in patients &amp;lt;55\u2009years compared with matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients \u226518\u2009years in the Swedish Heart Failure Register from 2003 to 2014 were included. Data were merged with National Patient and Cause of Death Registers. Among 60\u2009962 patients, 3752 (6.2%) were &amp;lt;55\u2009years, and were compared with 7425 controls from the Population Register. Compared with patients \u226555\u2009years, patients &amp;lt;55\u2009years more frequently had registered diagnoses of obesity, dilated cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, and an ejection fraction &amp;lt;40% (9.8% vs. 4.7%, 27.2% vs. 5.5%, 3.7% vs. 0.8%, 67.9% vs. 45.1%, respectively; all P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). One-year all-cause mortality was 21.2%, 4.2%, and 0.3% in patients \u226555\u2009years, patients &amp;lt;55\u2009years, and controls &amp;lt;55\u2009years, respectively (all P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Patients &amp;lt;55\u2009years had a five times higher mortality risk compared with controls [hazard ratio (HR) 5.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.45\u20136.74]; the highest HR was in patients 18\u201334\u2009years (HR 38.3, 95% CI 8.70\u2013169; both P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). At the age of 20, the estimated life-years lost was up to 36\u2009years for 50% of patients, with declining estimates with increasing age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with HF &amp;lt;55\u2009years had different comorbidities than patients \u226555\u2009years. The highest mortality risk relative to that of controls was among the youngest patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T04:28:37Z","timestamp":1593664117000},"page":"1125-1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Young Patients with Heart Failure: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes. Data from the Swedish Heart Failure, National Patient, Population and Cause of Death Registers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Basic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Rosengren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urban","family":"Alehagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Dahlstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Department of Medial and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Edner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Family Medicine, NVS, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masuma","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Care Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Zverkova Sandstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Schaufelberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011721361368400_ejhf1952-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.109","article-title":"Trends in prevalence from 1990 to 2007 of patients hospitalized with heart failure in Sweden","volume":"16","author":"Paren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026011721361368400_ejhf1952-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht278","article-title":"Heart failure in young adults: 20-year trends in hospitalization, aetiology, and case fatality in Sweden","volume":"35","author":"Barasa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026011721361368400_ejhf1952-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025941","article-title":"Age-specific trends in incidence, mortality, and comorbidities of heart failure in Denmark, 1995 to 2012","volume":"135","author":"Christiansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026011721361368400_ejhf1952-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.592","article-title":"2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"18","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026011721361368400_ejhf1952-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.072","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of young and very young adults with heart failure: the CHARM programme (Candesartan in Heart Failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity)","volume":"62","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721361368400_ejhf1952-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu216","article-title":"Heart failure in younger patients: the Meta-analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC)","volume":"35","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart 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