{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:27:55Z","timestamp":1790800075498,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The last several years have seen increasing interest in understanding cachexia, muscle wasting, and physical frailty across the broad spectrum of patients with cardiovascular illnesses. This interest originally started in the field of heart failure, but has recently been extended to other areas such as atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease as well as to patients after cardiac surgery or transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Tissue wasting and frailty are prevalent among many of the affected patients. The ageing process itself and concomitant cardiovascular illness decrease lean mass while fat mass is relatively preserved, making elderly patients particularly prone to develop wasting syndromes and frailty. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the available knowledge of body wasting and physical frailty in patients with cardiovascular illness, particularly focussing on patients with heart failure in whom most of the available data have been gathered. In addition, mechanisms of wasting and possible therapeutic targets are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T08:46:05Z","timestamp":1600505165000},"page":"2314-2326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":174,"title":["Cachexia, Muscle Wasting, and Frailty in Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Agata","family":"Bielecka-Dabrowa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI) , Lodz ,","place":["Poland"]},{"name":"Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Ebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of G\u00f6ttingen Medical Center , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Rodrigues","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junishi","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Hasenfuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of G\u00f6ttingen Medical Center , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"von Haehling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of G\u00f6ttingen Medical Center , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011721383933800_ejhf2011-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.592","article-title":"2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). 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