{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T21:11:27Z","timestamp":1790457087293,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000860","name":"European Society of Cardiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000860","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fondazione CNR\/Regione Toscana per la Ricerca Medica e di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000860","name":"European Society of Cardiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000860","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interstitial pneumonia due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often complicated by severe respiratory failure. In addition to reduced lung compliance and ventilation\/perfusion mismatch, a blunted hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction has been hypothesized, that could explain part of the peculiar pathophysiology of the COVID-19 cardiorespiratory syndrome. However, no invasive haemodynamic characterization of COVID-19 patients has been reported so far.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-one mechanically-ventilated COVID-19 patients underwent right heart catheterization. Their data were compared both with those obtained from non-mechanically ventilated paired control subjects matched for age, sex and body mass index, and with pooled data of 1937 patients with \u2018typical\u2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from a systematic literature review. Cardiac index was higher in COVID-19 patients than in controls [3.8 (2.7\u20134.5) vs. 2.4 (2.1\u20132.8) L\/min\/m2, P &amp;lt;\u20090.001], but slightly lower than in ARDS patients (P =\u20090.024). Intrapulmonary shunt and lung compliance were inversely related in COVID-19 patients (r = \u22120.57, P =\u20090.011) and did not differ from ARDS patients. Despite this, pulmonary vascular resistance of COVID-19 patients was normal, similar to that of control subjects [1.6 (1.1\u20132.5) vs. 1.6 (0.9\u20132.0) WU, P =\u20090.343], and lower than reported in ARDS patients (P &amp;lt;\u20090.01). Pulmonary hypertension was present in 76% of COVID-19 patients and in 19% of control subjects (P &amp;lt;\u20090.001), and it was always post-capillary. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure was higher in COVID-19 than in ARDS patients, and inversely related to lung compliance (r = \u22120.46, P =\u20090.038).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The haemodynamic profile of COVID-19 patients needing mechanical ventilation is characterized by combined cardiopulmonary alterations. Low pulmonary vascular resistance, coherent with a blunted hypoxic vasoconstriction, is associated with high cardiac output and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension, that could eventually contribute to lung stiffness and promote a vicious circle between the lung and the heart.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T01:25:27Z","timestamp":1605576327000},"page":"2228-2237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Haemodynamic Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Requiring Mechanical Ventilation. An Invasive Assessment Using Right Heart Catheterization"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sergio","family":"Caravita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo , Dalmine (BG) ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Baratto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiano","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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